The 2008 Housing Crisis A Brief Overview of Causes Essay...

The 2008 Housing Crisis: A Brief Overview of Causes In 2007, the U.S. fell into a deep financial recession. One of the main causes of this was the bursting of the housing bubble, which lead to a housing crisis. What is a housing bubble? A housing bubble is defined as â€Å"a temporary condition caused by unjustified speculation in the housing market that leads to a rapid increase in real estate prices† (businessdictionary.com 2014). When the bubble bursts, the result is a quick decline in home prices (businessdictionary.com 2014). In the U.S., a housing bubble began to emerge just after the turn of the 21st century. In these years, the economy was in great shape, interest rates were low, and consumers were ready to buy, which drove up real†¦show more content†¦Credit cards were not common during this period. First appearing in 1950, these were used mainly by the wealthy for convenience instead of carrying cash or a checkbook (Durkin Price, 2000, p. 624). During this time period, homeownership typically required a 20 percent down payment (Melicher Norton, 2014, 168). Lending institutions were very careful about whom they lent money to, and credit standards were high (Melicher Norton, 2014, 168). Melicher Norton (2014) called this the â€Å"save now, spend later† philosophy, and it would change in the coming years (p. 168). Attitudes about spending changed drastically. At this point, more people had access to credit cards because credit card companies stopped limiting their customer base to the wealthy, and began issuing cards to people with moderate to low incomes (Garon, 2012, CNN World). This gave Americans a way to purchase goods and services immediately, even if they didn’t have the cash on hand. The seven to eight percent savings rate maintained in the United States from the 1960s to the 1980s plummeted to less than two percent, and remained so until the first decade of the 21st century (Melicher Norton, 2014, p. 168). Lending institutions also saw a change. In the 1990s, the federal government desired more people to own homes in the United States and lenders were urged to make home loans more attainable for a wider consumer base (Melicher Norton, 2014, p. 168).Show MoreRelatedFinancial Crisis 20085972 Words   |  24 PagesFINANCE THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS 2008 Group’s member:Nguyá »â€¦n NhÆ ° Nam (C)Phan Thu AnNguyá »â€¦n Thà ¹y DungHoà  ng Bà ¡ SÆ ¡nNgà ´ Thá »â€¹ à nh Tuyá º ¿tDate: 28/11/2014 | AbstractIn 2008 the world was fell into the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1929-1933. Although this crisis has gone, however, its consequences for the economy of many countries is very serious, even now many nations are still struggling to escape difficulty. 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Unfortunately, millions of everyday Americans with mortgage balances only a fraction of Ed HAI LÚA’s have recently faced the unhappy prospect of losing their homes due to the worst financial crisis to strike the United States economy since the Great Depression. As that crisis quickly worsened and spread to the global economy, the search began for the parties responsible for it. Among the potential culprits identified by the press was the accounting profession, in particularRead MoreEurope Economic Crisis55278 Words   |  222 PagesISSN 0379-0991 Economic Crisis in Europe: Causes, Consequences and Responses EUROPEAN ECONOMY 7|2009 EUROPEAN COMMISSION The European Economy series contains important reports and communications from the Commission to the Council and the Parliament on the economic situation and developments, such as the Economic forecasts, the annual EU economy review and the Public ï ¬ nances in EMU report. 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Troy Versus Homers Illiad - 2234 Words

TROY VS HOMERS ILIAD (A comparison between the two with a mix of movie reviewing) by Amber Shepherd When comparing the movie Troy, directed by Wolfgang Petterson, and The Iliad, written by Greek poet Homer we can clearly see that although Petterson has made an excellent film he has clearly left out certain aspects of the Iliad which really define the story. Both versions portray the Trojan War between Greece and Troy, Achilles killing Hector and King Priam visiting Achilles to ask for the body of his son Hector back. However both versions do not portray accurate versions of the fight between Menelaus and Paris, nor do they correctly explain why Helen has come to reside in Troy nor does the movie portray the proper burial rights of the†¦show more content†¦Once they land on the shores of Troy, the immediately sack a nearby town which includes a temple of Apollo and Achilles takes one of the Priestesses, Briseis, as his prize, unbeknown to him that she is the cousin of Hector and Paris. Agamemnon begins to claim that Briseis was his spoil of war which angers Achilles to the point in which he vows that one day Agamemnon will fall under his sword. We then see a clip of Helen attempting to leave Troy as she believes if she returns to Menelaus it will prevent more lives from being lost. Hector sees her and persuades her to stay, telling her she is a princess of Troy now. The next day, Agamemnon as his army march to Troy and demand the return of Helen or a war would break out. Hector offers up his brother Paris to fight Menelaus in order to decide who would get to keep Helen. Just before Menelaus can deliver the death blow, Paris crawls to his brother’s feet and hides behind him in cowardice. Hector then delivers the death blow to Menelaus which sparks of the beginning of the fighting. As the fighting progresses on the battle field we see clips of Achilles and Briseis and we see that they have begun to fall in love. Achilles makes plans to return home with Briseis and his beloved cousin Patroclus. As dawn approaches on the battle field we see Achilles riding into battle which shocks everyone but raises their spirits,

Satire in Don Quijote Essay Example For Students

Satire in Don Quijote Essay Don Quijote was a tall, skinny wanna-be who found himself morally obligated to involve himself in other peoples business for the sole purpose of acting as a proper knight errant would. Although he believes that his battles help solve situations (though the results is usually the opposite), what it comes down to is that he wants to be famous, to be in love with his woman, to be accomplished, recognized, and adored. Therefore, Don Quijotes motives are self-serving, and not by-the-book as a knight errant should be. As much for the sake of his own greater honor as for his duty to the nation, he decided to turn himself into a knight errant (p. 15) The thing was, this was how knights generally were a selfish man looking for trouble to fix so people will respect him and give him things, and women will sleep with him. The reader sympathizes with Don Quijote, though, because his insanity prevents him from seeing his reality as fake and inappropriate to actual societal needs. In chapter eight, we find our wanna-be hero attempting to beat up windmills, or so the reader is led to think. But what if it was all a ploy? He may have really believed that these windmills were giants and wanted to attack them, but purpose had he for doing so? They did not speak to him or threaten him, until Don Quijote started in with them. Flee not, oh cowards and dastardly creatures, for he who attacks you is a knight alone and unaccompanied. (p.44) It was after Don Quijotes threatening words that the windmills arms began to move in the wind. What proper knight errant would beat up someone, claim the victory, and then of course, claim its spoils? I guess thats just it knights did that. But how do we know our hero wasnt just pretending to be crazy to get away with this?In chapter sixteen, Don Quijote and his sidekick, Sancho, arrive at an inn, all beat up from their battles, and from falling down a lot. The hero thinks the inn is a castle, and deems that they are owed a warm and comfortable place to sleep because he is the Great Don Quijote de La Mancha, braving battles against all evil for the purpose of saving the kingdom. Sancho and a girl who works at the inn, Maritones, have a knight errant conversation, in which he realizes he needs to explain the point behind what he and Don Quijote do. A knight errant can see himself, as fast as one, two, three, either beaten with clubs or turned into an emperor. Today, he can be the most wretched creature in the world, and the neediest, and tomorrow he can have two or three kingships to give his squire. (p. 87) The poor man really thinks that Don Quijote will someday be rich and famous and hook him up. Even if this became the case, as he is really secretly out for himself, for his own recognition, whos to say that Sancho would get anything out of this, except for orders to relay his newfound fame to Dulcinea?In chapter twenty-two, Don Quijote, wanted so much to be idolized and adored, stopped a galley slave train, to see what he might do. At first, the questions and answers seem harmless, but one thing really stands out. The hero asked about a pimp, and after hearing why the man is in trouble, replied, For being a go-between isnt so easy; its a job for tactful people, and extremely important in any well ordered republic, nor should it be exercised by any but well born persons. (p. 129) He saw this as similar to his own situation, felt pity on the man, and this became one catalyst in the inappropriate decision to free the slaves. Of course, we learn the true purpose at the end of the tale: to notify Lady Dulcinea del Toboso about Don Quijotes good deed of the day. present yourselves before Lady Dulcinea del Toboso and inform her that her knight, the Knight with the Sad Face, sent you there with his greetings, in order that you might tell her, blow by blow, everything which took place during this famous adventure (p. 133) How selfish. But thats the point; knights were selfish underneath their false exteriors. .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f , .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f .postImageUrl , .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f , .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f:hover , .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f:visited , .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f:active { border:0!important; } .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f:active , .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua2746a5bdb13fd3499740d70a853ab3f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rosa parks EssayA little later on, we encounter Don Quijote trying to patiently listen to a story told by a man found in the mountainous woods, Cardenio. He acted selfishly however, and foolishly aggravated Cardenio by interrupting a story he was being told in order to interject about knight errant books. Cardenio proceeded to flip out and beat up Don Quijote and Sancho. The reader finds later, that had Don Quijote been able to keep quiet long enough, he might have actually been able to help the young man. But if that had been the case, then the point of the book might be thrown off course. Finally, to sum up my point, Don Quijote acted selfishly like he though he should, doing good deeds for fame. In his own words, Don Quijote explains, My idea is to become a lunatic for no reason at all, and to ask my lady, seeing what I do without cause, what she imagines I might do if I really had one? (p. 151)

Problem faced by Richard-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: What do you think the problems are here that need to be resolved? What would your advice be to Richard about how to resolve this issue. Answer: Introduction This case study is all about French Connection and problem faced by Richard during handling an expatriate assignment in Venezuela (Storey, 2014). In this particular assignment, proper emphasis has been given on identifying the problem faced by Richard and suggesting probable solutions to him so that he mitigates the issues as far as possible. Several problems had been identified in the study that gives proper understanding of the situation that there is lack of coordination and communication between Richard and John (Alfes et al., 2013). Here, Richard was given three year expatriate assignment Venezuela as a technical liaison as well as environmental protection manager. Richard had been given responsibility to work for the above position and assignment within the stipulated time frame. To this, John was the local supervisor who had lived in French Guiana and then Venezuela for a period of 20 years. The current segment needs to identify the issues that are faced by Richard at the time of working for the project he was assigned for. He did not get any guidance from the Local supervisor and there was no response to the email sent by Richard (Anderson, 2013). These are some of the unethical and rude behavior noted from the case study that made Richard feel bad. Richard was in turmoil whether he should complain to the HR Director in Montreal. Therefore, Richard feels a sense of injustice as well as lack of fairness in the work that was handled under John supervision. The present segment highlights what need to be done in steps at the time of complaining to HR Director in Montreal (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016) Problem identification The main problem that can be easily identified from the case study is lack of proper communication between Richard and John (Riley, 2014). Firstly, Richard was assigned with an assignment for 3 years. Being a local project supervisor, the main responsibility of John was to guide Richard or listen to him wherever is needed. Here, it can be noted that John is completely ignoring Richard with his ideas (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). John should actually behave professionally and tell Richard of what is going wrong with the assignment or any other attributes that needs to be discussed. On the other hand, Richard showed enough courtesy to email John and wait for his response. Richard was in hurry as he has limited time period to complete the assignment that was assigned to him (Renwick, Redman Maguire, 2013). Richard had asked that his former manager in Toronto to act as his mentor so that he gets guidance from a known person (Brewster et al., 2016). It was eventually agreed as well by the management but later, there was no existence of this mentor who can guide Richard. As a reputed chemical engineer, Richard had been following the rules as mentioned but there was no coordination noted from John being the local supervisor. The workplace actually becomes miserable or unbearable when someone has rude local supervisor like John (Beardwell Thompson, 2014). Rude behavior is not acceptable at any organization and need proper attention by the management as well. Richard is a person that has lot of patience and said nothing at earlier stages of time frame. With the passage of time, it is quite obvious that he started getting tension and panic because of his assignment that was given to him (Aswathappa, 2013). He was fully devoted towards his work and wrote mails signifying everything that he fe els is correct. Without any response from the local supervisor, it is not possible for Richard to continue in his work and submit it within the deadlines. Cooperation from local supervisor would have helped in boosting the level of confidence as well as motivated him to work for his project in better way. Assistance is needed at every step and without that, employees mostly feels left out and looses interest towards work (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). The main role of the local supervisor is to guide, help and cooperate with the engineers who had been given work for a given period of time. Irresponsive or negligence behavior of John had become a serious concern for Richard and he was confused on what to do with the project (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). John should act in more responsive way to handle the situation of Richard and help him with whatever he needed. Rather, the case was entirely different as John was rude in behavior and gets indulged into unethical practices that are n ot acceptable in any of the corporate business organization (Reiche, Mendenhall Stahl, 2016). Advice to Richard to resolve the issue Richard should complain to the HR Director in Montreal without any kind of hesitation (Purce, 2014). It is due to the reason Richard has limited period of time and if anything does not work out well, then Richard will be answerable to the Upper Level Management. Richard should fight for justice as he feels that there is a sense of injustice and lack of fairness. Richard was of the opinion that action of John was quite unethical (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). To this, it is necessary to complain with all the points elaborated to the HR Director so that some warning is given to change the behavior of John with others in the near future. If Richard does not complain to the HR Director, it may happen that his assignment does not even complete as there is no positive response from the local project supervisor (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). Without any complain, how the company will or any upper management people know what went wrong during these 3 years of assignment. It is a hard truth that ever one will only show interest in knowing the outcome or results of the assignment and nothing else (Brewster, Mayrhofer Morley, 2016). As the assignment is going at a slower pace, there is a less chance that assignment will complete within the allocated time. Lack of cooperation from the local supervisor is one of the prime issues that need to be taken into consideration (Paill et al., 2014). Richard was a responsible engineer and knows what needs to be done and how. This the reason why he had thought it correct to email his Local Supervisor (John) about what he thought were the five main important goals associated with the assignment. The letter contains the management objectives section of the standard performance review form that he had been using for years in his early assignment in Toronto as well as corporate head office in Montreal. John, on the other hand, shows no interest in responding back to the mail sent by Richard for several months (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). This is a case of mere negligence and ignorance towards work that is noted from the behavior of John. It is a courtesy to respond back to any official mail and write the issue over there that what changes are needed or anything else that is important. Without responding to an email for several months, Richard finally found John and asked him about the email. To that, John had clearly answered Ric hard that to keep working to the deadlines and he will check with the coworkers and other project managers regarding the work (Hoque, 2013). After six months of time span, it was quite obvious that Richard had become anxious as the annual review week for the firm had approached. After asking about the upcoming performance review, John was of the opinion that everything had been taken into account and asked him to make an appointment with his assistant next week as the report had been already sent to the Head Office (Nickson, 2013). Richard should make an appointment to speak confidentially with HR Director in Montreal. Richard should not be in hurry irrespective of the fact that he has limited time given for the assignment. Still, he should not go to the HR Director in the heat of the moment, rather he should go after proper and careful consideration. Richard should make a report as he has multiple instances of local supervisor (John) unacceptable behavior (Morgeson et al., 2013). Richard should be prepared to talk with the HR Director in Montreal by documenting in detail of the incidents that interfered with the workplace satisfaction (Marchington et al., 2016). He needs to be more specific in details in terms of dates, time and what was said or done as it is a better way to explain the dilemma in a better way. Richard should also mention about how he attempted to remain patient even after no email response from John. Richard should not hide any information that need to be known to the HR Director. It is needed for Richard to ask for an advice from the HR Director on what needs to be done or find out whose fault is this. He should be ready with concrete data so that John is questioned about his rude behavior with other person in a team. Richard should be polite while communicating with the HR Director and keep the point simple and clear (Marler Fisher, 2013). If someone behaves rude, no one will feel like coming to that person even if needed for major reasons. It is for this reason Richard should complain about John to the HR Director who works in Montreal (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). Complaining will help in making the HR Director aware of the situation that what is happening at other offices and within the colleagues. The prime motive of every business organization is to keep their employees happy and provide them with a healthy and safe environment (Reiche, Mendenhall Stahl, 2016). Hence, the HR Director will conduct a one-to-one session with John and Richard separately to understand the matter in a better way. It may happen that there are employees or other managers who are facing problems with John but not communicating to any of the Senior Management. After seeing Richard complain about John, it may happen that HR Director receives other complaints as well. Richard should think of himself as well because he had to face this si tuation during the tenure of 3 years He was given an assignment to work upon but fails to get guidance or cooperation from the local supervisor. Therefore, Richard should be complaining about behavior of John so that this situation is not faced by any other employee in the near future (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that the case about Richard had been heard in the particular scenario where he had to face injustice behavior from his local supervisor. In any business organization, effective communication plays a major role that help in bringing two people together. It is known that communication is the only way where people can exchange their ideas, views, feelings and opinion to others without any type of hesitation. In this case, the main problem is the improper or lack of communication between John and Richard. Communication in any form is essential, be it formal or informal. But, lack of communication act as a barrier and lead to confusion in later stages. Behavior of John was not acceptable by any chance as he was too rude while talking or addressing to Richard. Being a local supervisor, he need to be friendly and approachable where people can reach him whenever something is needed. The above study properly justify case study as it identifies the prob lems and suggest solutions at the same time. Steps have been mentioned that need to be followed by Richard at the time of complaining to HR Director of Montreal. Richard should complain for the unethical and rude behavior of John and keep his point that is valid and concrete in front of HR Director. Therefore, the case study properly had been analyzed and it is now understood what Richard should do in order to get justice. Reference List Alfes, K., Shantz, A. D., Truss, C., Soane, E. C. (2013). The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), 330-351. Anderson, V. (2013).Research methods in human resource management: investigating a business issue. Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Aswathappa, K. (2013).Human resource management: Text and cases. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Beardwell, J., Thompson, A. (2014).Human resource management: a contemporary approach. Pearson Education. Brewster, C., Houldsworth, E., Sparrow, P., Vernon, G. (2016).International human resource management. Kogan Page Publishers. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W., Morley, M. (Eds.). (2016).New challenges for European resource management. Springer. Budhwar, P. S., Debrah, Y. A. (Eds.). (2013).Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Hoque, K. (2013).Human resource management in the hotel industry: Strategy, innovation and performance. Routledge. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R., Kynighou, A. (2016).Human resource management at work. Kogan Page Publishers. Marler, J. H., Fisher, S. L. (2013). An evidence-based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), 18-36. Morgeson, F. P., Aguinis, H., Waldman, D. A., Siegel, D. S. (2013). Extending corporate social responsibility research to the human resource management and organizational behavior domains: A look to the future.Personnel Psychology,66(4), 805-824. Nickson, D. (2013).Human resource management for hospitality, tourism and events. Routledge. Paill, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O., Jin, J. (2014). The impact of human resource management on environmental performance: An employee-level study.Journal of Business Ethics,121(3), 451-466. Purce, J. (2014). The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Reiche, B. S., Mendenhall, M. E., Stahl, G. K. (Eds.). (2016).Readings and cases in international human resource management. Taylor Francis. Renwick, D. W., Redman, T., Maguire, S. (2013). Green human resource management: A review and research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(1), 1-14. Riley, M. (2014).Human resource management in the hospitality and tourism industry. Routledge. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Storey, J. (2014).New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.

GIS Applications and Data Types

Introduction A Geographic Information System is a combination of hardwares and softwares that enable researchers to envisage, capture, display and analyze data from different geographical positions. It gives the users a great opportunity to interpret data quickly and share it easily.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on GIS Applications and Data Types specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It can be carried to any management information system without any collision. GIS uses either vector or raster methods of capturing information. Application of GIS Migration routes management – this application is used for tracing migration circuits of caribou and polar bears. This in turn assists the researchers in coming up with plans that are geared towards protection of the caribous and the polar bears (USGS). These animals are found in Arctic which poses difficulties for conducting ground surveys due to the geographical t errains, hence the use of GIS which is of two types is very helpful. GIS application to the project The hegira circuits were indicated using different hues for each month for a total of 21 months (USGS 2007). The researchers then used the GIS to superimpose the movement circuits upon maps of oil development plans. This was intended to decide the possibility for interference with the caribous and the polar bears as they migrated (USGS 2007). In addition, the researchers would be able to know the frequency of the migration activities. Software and datasets used Software: Collar transmitters and satellite receivers – these softwares are able to release signals from radios at between 132-174 MHz, and can be heard from about 10 + miles away under ideal conditions (USGS 2007).Advertising Looking for assessment on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Data sets: migration routes Results gained: researchers were able to locate th e movement of the caribou and polar bears from several miles away. Over and above, the researchers were able to determine the frequencies of the movement and the actual circuits followed and if at all, a distinct pattern that was at play during the migration. The application was useful in determining the exact position of the caribou and polar bears and what was happening at any given time. It was also significant when checking possible danger that caribou and the polar bears could posed to the oil plans Data in GIS Differences between vector and raster representations of map features Vector representation Raster representation It represents real world features within GIS environment. It is used in a GIS application for displaying a continuous area. Uses points X and Y to locate features on a particular site. The use of a square grid to locate features in a defined location Ground survey and GPS is used to pick vector images Optical scanners mainly used to gather raster dat a. Requires explicit storage of each vertex Data must be converted to a topological features Cannot be used to cover large areas. Hard to represent linear structures Only reflect one feature of a site Fail to adhere to high level cartographic needs. Easy to represent data in its original appearance No data conversion is required Allows exact location to be maintained Easy to analyze data Appropriate for mathematical modeling Compatible with raster based output devices Street or river networks Analysis of land cover References Buckey, D J, Bio Diversity Gis. n.d. Web. GeoVITe, 2010, Website of Geodata Visualization and Interactive Training Environment (GeoVITe). Web. Natural Earth. GIS Data, 2013. Web.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on GIS Applications and Data Types specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More USGS, Geographic Information Systems. Web. This assessment on GIS Applications and Data Types was written and submitted by user Chase Robbins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog Scholarship Spotlight December2015

Scholarship Spotlight December2015 Every month, we  select some of the best scholarships around and post them here on our blog. When you are ready to apply,  check out our tips on  How to Write a Scholarship Essay. Visit   Essay Lab if youre looking for a writing expert  to review and provide feedback your scholarship or college application essays! Lance Surety Scholarship Amount: $1,500 Eligibility: Available to all  undergraduate and graduate students enrolled at an accredited university, college or trade school in the U.S. We accept only one submission per person. Requirements: An essay of minimum 500 words on one of the following topics: Topic: What would be your motivation to start a small business, if you could launch it right now? Topic: How does the U.S. economy benefit from surety bonds? Write an essay on a topic of your choice about one of the following businesses (Please, make sure the topic you select covers a major aspect of the industry such as starting a business, the current state of the field, the perks of the job,etc.): Auto Dealership Freight Brokerage Construction Mortgage Brokerage Due Date: December 15, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here! #FortOnFleek Challenge Amount: $1,000 Eligibility: To be eligible, the entrant must post a photo on Instagram, tag @DormBedding, and include the hashtag #fortonfleek or post a photo on Facebook, tag DormBedding (https://www.facebook.com/DormBedding), and include the hashtag #fortonfleek. The entrant must also be a current follower of @DormBedding on Instagram at the end of the entry period. Entrant agrees that the photo can be posted on the DormBedding Instagram account, website, blog, social media and other promotional purposes. Applicant must be a legal resident of the United States. International students with valid visas are also eligible. Students must have a minimum GPA of 2.5 supported by school transcripts. Requirements:  The winner will be chosen based on the quality of the photo/fort as judged by the DormBedding team. The winner will be contacted directly via Instagram and announced on our Instagram account and Facebook page in December 2015. Any photo submitted before 11:59 on December 1, 2015 will be eligible for the contest. Due Date: December 1, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here! Savvy Saver Scholarship Amount: $2,500 Eligibility:  US Citizen or Permanent Resident, at least 18 years old attending college at an accredited 2- or 4-year college or university in the United States.  One entry per applicant. Requirements:  Savvy Saver Scholarship 2015 Topic: Tweet @Offers the best way to save money as a college student, followed by a short essay (400-600 words) explaining your tweet. Be sure to include your tweet (or a link to it) along with your essay.  Essays will be judged by our staff based on overall quality, originality, creativity, and grammar. Due Date: December 13, 2015 11:59 p.m. CST To read more information directly,  click here! QuickshipToner.com Student Scholarship Amount: $1,500 Eligibility:  Any student enrolled in an undergraduate or graduate degree program in Fall 2015 or Spring 2016 at any accredited American college, university or trade school. Must be a U.S. Resident. Requirements:  Applicants must submit an essay of 1,000 words minimum.  Submit your essay, 1,000-word minimum, on the topic below: Considering the Need for Printed Material, What are the most environmentally friendly ways to responsibly use ink toner cartridges? Email Essays to school@quikshiptoner.com Please include your contact phone number. Due Date: December 15, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here!

Death and Dying Process and Rituals in the Asian Culture Essay

Death and Dying Process and Rituals in the Asian Culture - Essay Example After the death of an elderly member of the family, celebrations or events such as weddings may be postponed. The closest members of the individual are supposed to grieve the longest and the amount of grief expressed is supposed to be equal to how close the person was to that individual. In terms of bereavement, men are allowed to openly cry during a family gathering after the death but only the women are supposed to cry and express their grief during the funeral ceremonies while the men are supposed to remain stoic (Leach, 2006). The right to die changes from culture to culture and while some cultures such as Japan may accept a person’s decision to end his/her life, others such as China may frown upon it (Leach, 2006). Some Buddhist patients may actually refuse to seek medical attention due to an acceptance of pain, suffering and even death as a part of their karma. This can lead to a situation where a medical practitioner may have to stop treatment at the request of a patient. Numrich et. al. (2006) report that such patients may have to be reminded that Karma can be both good and bad therefore they should accept treatment as a part of their good karma just as they accept pain as a part of bad karma. When individuals are supposed to maintain stoic attitudes, the lack of expression of grief may cause them to become depressed. This depression could be a problem both for the person who knows s/he is going to die as well as the individuals who are around him/her (NASP, 2003). However, belief in sprits as well as an afterlife for most of the Asian culture does provide some comfort since death itself may be seen as nothing more than change and a transfer from this world to the next (Lobar et. al., 2006). In such situations, families come together to form support groups and ease the mourning process for the individuals who are left behind. However, for the widows, the process can

The Future of Shipping Industry Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Future of Shipping Industry - Article Example The decline in the overall demand from developed countries such as US and UK is forcing many developing and emerging countries to look for local demand, and as such, there is very little demand being generated internationally as suppliers from countries like China is finding it difficult to sell their products in international market. (Wade). Until most recently, the industry was facing an uphill task of meeting the expenses because of increase in oil prices. Due to the lack of fuel efficiency, many shipping companies found it difficult to manage their costs as the consistent increase in oil prices was seen as one of the greatest threats to the short-term viability of the industry. (Vidal). Considering this fundamental challenge, environment specialists like Vidal conclude that the future of shipping industry would largely depend upon how the industry adapts to the biofuel technology as the industry does not only have to withstand increasing costs but also have to face the increasing criticism for its involvement in polluting environment. It has also been argued that the ship designing is largely based on existing regulations which need to be fulfilled before a ship can be rolled over for the commercial purpose. Due to complacent nature of such regulations, it is often felt that the chip makers, as well as shipping industry, have to face the wrath of industry dynamics which are not allowing them to be more competitive. As such the future of shipping industry is largely based on the changes to be made into the relevant regulations in order to make it more competitive and sustainable. It is also important to note that due to increased awareness of the consumers and emergence of so-called â€Å"ethical consumers† demands that the supply chain of the international organizations shall be ethical in its orientation. However, the absence of any such concepts in other parts of the world may not lead to the development of community shipping and as such due to a diversity of the suppliers and buyers; shipping industry may not make a transition to community shipping until regional economic clusters are developed.

MANAGING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MANAGING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE - Essay Example In the case of Jessica, this is one area that she has not properly understood leading to her lack of unfair treatment of the internal customers (TrevinÃŒÆ'o, Linda K, and Katherine A. Nelson, 293-296). Organizations need to develop a two-way communication approach that ensures that all the ethical issues are well addressed as they emerge. Another principle is based on the sharing of ideas as well as information. The challenges that the organization is facing due to the conduct of Jessica does not just affect her department but the entire organization. Lack of separation of social life with formal office relations may hinder the flow of information within the organization. The fact that Bruce and Jessica are in a relationship makes it hard for free flow of information given that Bruce is the boss to whom reports should be made. This case can be handled by reporting the matter to the senior managers above Bruce so that they can talk to both Bruce and Jessica separately and discuss the issues with them based on their need to take their responsibilities in the organization

Handicraft business in the UK

Handicraft business in the UK INTRODUCTION The objective of this report is to study and prepare the business plan for a handicraft business in UK. This business plan deals with the feasibility analysis, idea generation, and industry analysis at both the local and global level to understand the market and business factors. The market analysis is also done, primarily through the secondary sources to capture the potential demand of handicrafts in the UK market and the trends which the customer are looking for in this industry. After analyzing the demand, the technical analysis was done for the business. For the success of any business, it is necessary that the idea or the basis of the plan should be strong. But it is also imperative that the plan should take into account a true picture of financials to have a strong foundation on which the business can be built upon. Therefore in the report, a detailed preparation of cash flow analysis, profitability analysis and the expected expenditure in the business has been taken care of. The report has taken into consideration the risk factor also which the business needs to consider before commencing on the work. Handicraft is a business which needs not only financial capital but also human capital and it is necessary that skilled labour is available in plenty. The attrition rate is low in this industry provided they are provided with adequate support and wages. In the report I have tried to touch upon that issue as well. Also the manner in which the products would be sold and promoted in the market would be taken care of. We would not be opening our own stores for now and would be selling on to other retailers. However the idea of opening the stores is not discarded as whole for now and would be seen as an option at a later stage in the life of the business. Heavy spending is planned to promote the products in the initial phase of the business and various media vehicles would be tried upon to promote the products well in the market. The business as of now focusing primarily on the UK market and later on in the later stage, the business can be expanded further. Handicraft Industry The handicraft industry is one of the most productive sectors in the economy. The reason being that this sector not only uses the raw materials but also give employment opportunities to a number of people. Thus not only financial capital and raw material is employed but also a lot of human capital is also used in this business (Garrison, 2008). According to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) International Symposium on â€Å"Crafts and the International Market: Trade and customs codification†, Manila, Philippines, October 1997. Handicrafts can be defined as products which are produced either completely by hand or with the help of tools. Mechanical tools may be used as long as the direct manual contribution of the artisan remains the most substantial component of the finished product. Handicrafts are made from the raw materials and can be produced in unlimited numbers. Such products can be utilitarian, aesthetic, cultural, artistic and may have a social, religious and symbolic significance (Robertson, 2002). Industry Analysis UK has been a country with a rich and diverse culture. Lot of migrant population also resides in various parts of the country. It is because of this that handicraft industry has played an important role in this country. The industry provides economic advantage much because of the demand from various strata of the population (Mathias, 2001). Handicrafts have always attracted people much because of their cultural importance and it crosses barriers too. The customers in any market look for handicrafts from not only the local market but also from the other countries (Barlow, 1991). Therefore both the cultural and financial values are attached to this industry. This industry by its mass and production scale lies in the middle class as not much finance and manufacturing facilities are needed in this business. The industry is decentralized and is labour intensive. Not many players fight in this market and only small players operate in this area. The sector employs a lot of people and thus acts as a medium of employment for lot of people. The sector has seen an increase in growth much due to the fact that people have been more open to the culture of other countries and are accepting it more often. The era of globalization has helped in the revival of this industry not only in the UK market but also in other markets too (Andrews , 2009). Classification of Handicrafts Industry Handicraft products can be distinguished into the following: Metal ware Wood ware Hand printed textiles Embroidered and crocheted goods Shawls Carpets Embroidered goods Bamboo products Zari goods Earthenware and jute products Miscellaneous handicrafts SWOT Analysis of Handicraft Industry Strengths Market is diversified and has huge potential Presence of large product variety because of various cultures Low capital investment Flexibility in production of goods as per market demand Low barriers to the entry of new players Products sold are high value ones and have diversified usage Weakness Lack of coordination between government bodies and companies Inadequate information on the current market trends Lack of skilled labour Opportunities Development of domestic tourism sector which helps in boosting sales. Usage of internet and other technologies in boosting the market potential Rising demand because of people becoming more open to cultures Threats Lack of branding opportunities in this sector Threats from the developing countries like India and China in terms of resources Business Proposition We would be dealing in the limited set of handicraft industry as many products come under its purview. Our company would serve the needs of the customers in only the wooden handicrafts market. The reason for choosing this is that in UK market these products are used almost in every home. Products like decorative chairs, desks, beds, sofas which are made by hand are seen as high value products in the market as customers look for something different. Particularly for the UK customer, they need products which not only serve their functional purpose but also add something extra. It is with this that we plan to enter in this industry with this specific set of products. Wooden handicrafts refer to a wide range of wooden items carrying utilitarian and artistic value that are made by hand o with the use of simple tools. They are made by unmatched workmanship, have fine designs and have subtle elegance. The products require low capital investment to manufacture. The wooden handicraft sector provides a high ratio of value addition and has emerged as one of the major sources of foreign exchange in the country too. (Sumption, 2010) Market Analysis Majority of the current players in the market deal in almost all the product categories in the wooden handicraft industry. (Macleod, 2006) Retailing is not done by them and they deal in mostly the production part. They have retailing contracts with other partners which help them sell the products Monthly production units are majorly in the range of thousands of units for all the products combined Wooden and glass handicrafts are majorly in demand in the UK market. (John, 2006) Inventories are usually kept low as these products are sold and produced in lower units in the market. Almost all the players in the market hire the labor at a contractual basis rather than on a permanent basis. Many of the players take the route of exhibition to promote their products to the customers. (Mathias, 2001) These products are high margin products as they are mainly value based ones. Hence high margin and medium volume is generally the trend in the industry Competition The following players currently operate in the market and sell wooden handicrafts in the market. World Art and Crafts Ltd. Java Art Elements Ltd. Demand Analysis and Forecasting During our study we also analysed the demand pattern for the various products in the wooden handicraft market and it came to around 50000 units per month on approximation. There is a demand supply gap in the market as according to our supply the current players in the market are able to provide close to 30000 units only. Hence we consider a huge potential to be catch up in the market.(Boseley,2009) The market is growing closely at an annual rate of 15%. Hence it is decided that the capacity would be initially 60% for the first year and then it will grow accordingly. Marketing Channel As mentioned before, our business involves only manufacturing the products. Therefore we would use a network of retailers called partners to sell our products in the market. These would be mainly big retailers like WalMart, Tesco etc. Strategic Marketing Plan Wooden handicraft particularly the furniture part is an unbranded commodity and hence manufacturers generally do not have to spend too much on the promotional part. It is better for them to increase the margin given to the retailers so that they push the company product more in front of the customers. However in order to differentiate our offering and to capture the customer base, it is necessary to have a basic strategic marketing plan. The following would be the strategies used by us: Steady supply with timely delivery to fulfill the demand in the market thereby providing products with high quality Products would be given emphasis on the design front. Designs would be based on several themes Orders would also be taken online from the customers apart from being available in the retail The company plans to both manufactures the products locally in the UK market as well as import some of it from the Indian market. Indians play a vital role in UK both in terms of trade and demographics and thus there is a market to serve the Indian community. The other reasons to source the products from India are: The demand for Indian wooden handicrafts is evergreen. It is both difficult for the labour in UK to produce these handicrafts as the design in Indian art work is quite intricate. Hence it is decided that some portion of our products would be sourced directly from the Indian producers, mainly based in states like Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Indian being a developing country, both the labour and raw materials are quite cheap as compared to other developed countries. Hence it makes sense to outsource some of the production work. Indian artisans are well known around the world. British make a major portion of the people visiting India every year and hence they come in contact with Indian art and culture too. Thus getting products from market like India helps in understanding the customer taste and keep the product portfolio up to date. Some of the Indian players which have been shortlisted and considered for sourcing of the products are as follows: Khan Arts India Madnik International Goyal India Indus Trade Handmade Crafts Antiquity Handicrafts All the products in the portfolio would be sourced from these six major exporters in India. These players have been selected after thorough search of their business and their financials. They enjoy good reputation in the Indian market and also export to other players in different countries. It is decided to have business with six players as it will help us diversify our risk and help us maintain a steady flow of products from India. These players are from different parts of the country and thus the products served by them would have different designs as India being a vast country has many sub cultures which attract many people worldwide. Technical Analysis Wood carving is a time consuming process as craftsmen take time to make every piece. The process may take a week to months depending upon the level of intricacy in the design. The process use a lot of different tools also like saw, lathes, drills, chain saws etc. Machinery Involved The following machinery would be used by the workers in the business: Chemical treatment plant Seasoning plant Surface planner Grinder Driller Gaze machine Sanding machine Structure and Civil Work Labour Requirements Handicraft is a labour intensive product and thus a lot depends on the kind of labour employed. Financial Analysis Basic Assumptions underlying the financial projections The construction period will last one year The company would work 365 days a year The expected capacity utilization will be 60% in first year, 65% in second year and the increment based on past performance. The term loan would be re-paid in 14 equal half-yearly installments. The interest rate on the outstanding term loan would be 12% The bank finance for working capital will cost interest rate 12% The depreciation rates for company law purpose would be Building 3.34% Plant and Machinery 8% Misc fixed assets 5% The suppliers for raw material would provide credit for 15 days The salvage value is assumed to be 5% of fixed assets. Sales Forecast Sales Forecast (units) Year20102011 2012 Units95001200015000 Conclusion The business plan has been prepared keeping in mind all the factors and taking financials to the best of the present picture. It is therefore expected that the actual outcome would represent the true picture of this outlined plan. Finally, my personal interest in this field will lead to establish my own business. These will result in successful and sustainable business. References Andrews, J.(2009).Handel allinglese, Playbill,. Accessed from: http://www.playbillarts.com/features/article/4236.html (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Barlow, I.( (1991) Metropolitan Government. Accessed from: http:// www.new.wales.co.uk (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Boseley, S (2009). The question: Whats behind the baby boom? The Guardian. Accessed from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2008/jul/14/familyandrelationships.women (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Garrison, Webb B. (2008).Why You Say It. Accessed from: http://www.readbooksonline.net (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) MacLeod, Donald (2006). Britain second in world research rankings. The Guardian. Accessed from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2006/mar/21/highereducation.uk4 (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Mathias.P (2001). The First Industrial Nation: the Economic History of Britain. Accessed from: http://www.johnbirchall-economist.com (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Mathias.P (2001).The First Industrial Nation: the Economic History of Britain. Published by: Routledge, ed.2, pp. 56-58 Mensah. J (2006). British culture on a high rise. Robertson, Kirsty (2006), How to Knit an Academic Paper. Queens University, 30 March 2006 Sumption, M.(2010). The UKs new Europeans: Progress and challenges five years after accession. Equality and Human Rights Commission. Accessed from: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Bibliography Bhagat, Usha, ‘Life to a dying art, The Hindu: Folio, 21 March, 1999, pp. 45-56 Rajkumar, Nonika, ‘Life to a Dying Art of Embroidery: The Chmba Rumal, House Calls, Vol 2, No. 1, March-April 2000, pp 12-21. Philippson, Peter, British Gestalt Journal, Vol.1 No.1, July 1990 Chamberlain, A. H., Opportunities and limitations of paper and cardboard in school, Manual Training Magazine, January, 04, p 34 Cremins, J. C, ‘Design in the primary grades, Year Book, Council of Supervisors of the Manual Arts, 2006, pp 74-76. Daniels, J. F., ‘Library handicraft at Greeley, Manual Training Magazine, Jan., 2001. Dodd, A. E., ‘Handwork training for the normal student, Proceedings Eastern Manual Training Association, Ed. 2, pp 93-101 Bailey, H. T., ‘Analysis of modern printing, The Printing Art, May, June, 2007, pp -84-89.

Outlines of the Theory of Choice :: Psychology Philosophy Essays

Outlines of the Theory of Choice There are two distinctions of orientation or of intention of a subject toward any phenomenon: "to" or "from" it, attraction or repulsion, acceptance or rejection. The +/- acceptability or pleasantness/unpleasantness of a phenomenon to a subject is the term indicating his or her +/- orientation to the perceived phenomenon. There are six components of the stream of human consciousness: contact senses (smell, taste, tactile senses), distant senses (auditory, visual) and emotions. Only four of them (the three contact senses and emotions) possess their own acceptability or pleasantness. Pleasantness of Condition of a Subject (PCS) is a sum or an integral of acceptabilities of these four components. "Happiness" is the upper limit of the maximization of PCS; a subject is constantly striving to maximize PCS or to reach for happiness. An attitude of a subject to a phenomenon in the center of his or her attention is determined by the synchronous PCS. Belief/disbelief is a verbalized positive/n egative attitude. Desire of a phenomenon x is a change of PCS (PCSx) created by the act of perceiving/imagining the phenomenon; the strength of desire is the magnitude of this change. Desire of a phenomenon characterizes power of the PCS maximization possessed by this phenomenon. Need is a periodic desire; the desire correspondent to need is a concrete form of existence of this need. Choice is determined by comparative strength of the desirabilities of the competing elements of choice; it includes choice of the phenomena to perceive or attend. The attention of a subject toward a perceived phenomenon x is proportional to the strength of its desirability: ATTx=kPCSx; the distribution of attention is a function of the desirabilities of phenomena perceived at that time. Will is an ability of the subject to influence the balance of desirabilities of elements of the subject's choice in the predetermined way. The nature of the will's effort is a self-inducement of suitable emotions through activation of memories by the concentration of the subject's attention to them. I. The Universal Intentional or Orientational Quality of "Acceptibility" Process of choice is vitally important for animals including humans because they are open, active, and limited systems. The term orientation is used in this work in two meanings corresponding to two main aspects of choice ¡Xan appraisal of the elements of choice one by one, and their comparison resulting in the choice being made. An appraisal of a singled out element of choice is also an act of orientation of a subject to it that can be 'positive' or 'negative', 'toward' or 'away' from it.

Effect of Change in an Organisation

www. MA-Dissertations. com Dissertation Writing Service Even though the positivist and phenomenological approaches seem to completely contradict one another, Bryman and Bell (2004) maintain that a researcher should not select one or the other but, instead, should weave the two together.In other words, for those aspects of the research problem which can be better served if explored through a scientific approach, the positivist methodology should be employed whereas those which require the researcher’s more active engagement or an analysis of the social environment, the phenomenological approach should be used. The implication here is that the two approaches can coexist within a single study and can be used to explore different aspects of the research problem (Bryman and Bell, 2004).Rather than select the one approach over the other, the selected research approach shall combine between the two. As such, the researcher shall engage in the objective analysis of tardiness behaviour through the analysis of attendance records while, at the same time, monitoring 20 students for a period of 12 weeks for the purpose of closer and more critical observation of the dimensions of the defined problem and the behavioural and situational variables which induce it. The effects of the corrective strategies which shall be deployed vis-avis these 12 students shall also be observed.To this extent, the research unfolds within a phenomenological framework. The research, however, is not restricted to the phenomenological approach as a thorough investigation of the problem also necessitates the adoption of positivist approach. Therefore, for a better understanding of the social and environmental factors influencing tardiness, the researcher will survey faculty members and homeroom teachers and interview the two school administrators responsible for the control of the problem.The researcher shall, in other words, explore the socio-environmental factors influencing tardiness. 16 ww w. MA-Dissertations. com Dissertation Writing Service 3. 2. 2 Quantitative versus Qualitative The data gathered shall be analysed from both the qualitative and quantitative approaches. As Punch (2000) emphasises, within the context of social science research, both approaches must be used in order to arrive at both an objective, measurable understanding of the phenomenon and a humanistic comprehension of its socio-environmental dimensions.While attendance records and the effects of the corrective strategies on the twenty students under observation shall be qualitatively analysed, the variables which influence tardiness rates, both increase and decrease, shall be qualitatively analysed as a strategy for uncovering the socioenvironmental factors influencing tardiness rates. In other words, both qualitative and quantitative data analysis approaches shall be used for the purposes of arriving at a more holistic understanding of the phenomenon. 3. 2. 3 Deductive versus Inductive Marcoulide s (1998) defines the deductive approach as a testing of theories.The researcher proceeds with a set of theories and conceptual precepts in mind and formulates the study’s hypotheses on their basis. Following from that, the research proceeds to test the proposed hypotheses. The inductive approach, on the other hand, follows from the collected empirical data and proceeds to formulae concepts and theories in accordance with that data (Marcoulides, 1998). While not disputing the value of the inductive approach, the research opted for the deductive approach, or the `top-down,’ as opposed to the `bottom-up’ method. 3. 3 Data Sources and Data Collection MethodsFor the purposes of this research and given that both primary and secondary data are needed, three data collection methods will be used. Apart from the desk-based data collection method traditionally associated with secondary data collection, primary data will be collected 17 www. MA-Dissertations. com Dissertati on Writing Service through the archival records (attendance sheets), interviews with two school administrators, a survey of faculty opinion, and the researcher’s own observations.. 3. 4 Credibility of Research Findings Ultimately, the data collected is used to inform the research findings.If the data is not verifiable, the implication is that the findings are potentially suspect. incumbent upon the researcher to validate his/her findings (Sekaran, 2003). Accordingly, it is 3. 4. 1 Reliability A study is reliable only if another researcher, using the same procedure and studying the same phenomenon, arrives at similar, or comparable, findings (Sekaran, 2003). Accordingly, it is important that the researcher maintain a comprehensive protocol of his study, in case others may be interested in checking its reliability (Sekaran, 2003).Even with the best of intentions in mind, the researcher is often confronted with a variety of variables which may impinge upon the reliability of his findings. Quite simply stated, if he is partly drawing conclusions on the basis of questionnaire and interview data, it could very well be that respondents were biased or, simply not in the mood to answer the questions with any degree of interest. It is not at all uncommon for respondents to simply tick of response options without reading or considering them (Sekaran, 2003).Accordingly, research scholars advise researchers to carefully select their respondents, ensure that they are, indeed, willing participants in the study and will answer the questions with the minimum degree of bias (Hair et al. , 2005). To ensure that this, indeed, is the case, when in-putting the questionnaire data, the researcher should carefully read through them to ensure that there are no logical flaws and that the responses given by any one respondent are not contradictory (Hair et al. , 2005).In addition, and to better ensure reliability, the researcher should schedule interviews at the respondent’ s convenience and, 18 www. MA-Dissertations. com Dissertation Writing Service further, when distributing questionnaires, should give participants several days to answer. By pursuing this advice, the researcher would, at least, be minimising the chances that the interview be rushed and the questionnaires blindly answered (Hair et al. , 2005). To enhance the reliability of the current research, the cited advice shall be considered and meticulously applied. 3. 4. 2 ValiditySaunders et al. (2000) contends that a research is valid only if it actually studies what it set out to study and only if the findings are verifiable. There are three methods for establishing validity. As Saunders et al. (2000) explains, construct validity entails the establishment of accurate operational measurements for the research’s core concept. This is done by establishing a chain of evidence throughout the data collection process; by verifying key information through the use of multiple sources of infor mation; and by presented informants with a draft of the study for review.Besides establishing construct validity, social science researches need also establish external validity by testing the applicability of the findings to external case studies (Yin, 1989). While conceding to the importance of external validation methods, they are beyond the scope of the current research. Consequently, the research shall seek the verification of its findings through construct validation. 3. 5 Conclusion As may have been deduced from the above, the research shall adopt a mixed methodological approach. The selection of the aforementioned and above explained ethodology was imposed upon the research by the nature of the phenomenon under investigation, the multi-layered nature of the research problem and the imperatives of satisfying the study’s diverse, but interrelated, objectives. 19 www. MA-Dissertations. com Dissertation Writing Service 4. 0 References Battisch, V. and Hom, A. (1997) The r elationship between students’ sense of their school as a community and their involvement in problem behaviors. American Journal of Public Health, 87(12), 1997-2001. Booth, A. and Dunn, J. F. (1996) Family-School Links: How Do They Affect Educational Outcomes?NY: Erlbaum. Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2004) Business Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chaker, A. M. (2005) Schools get tough on tardy students. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on 10 Jan. 2007, from http://www. post-gazette. com/pg/05321/607996. stm Conaway, H. W. (2006) Collaboration for Kids; Early Intervention Tools for Schools and Communities. Highland: Aha Process Inc. Cooper, D. R. (2003) Business Research Methods. London: McGraw-Hill. Cooper, D. R. and Schindler, P. S. (2005) Business Research Methods. London: McGraw-Hill. Creswell, J. W. 2003) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches. California: Sage Publications. Crosnoe, R. (2000) Friendships in childhood and ad olescence: The life course and new directions. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 377-371. ___ (2001) Academic orientation and parental involvement in education during high school. Sociology of Education, 74, 210-230. Dane, F. C. (1990) Research Methods. Cambridge: Thomas brooks. Fassett, D. L. and Warren, J. T. (2004) You get pushed back: The strategic rhetoric of educational success and failure in higher education. Communication Education, 53(1), 21-39. 20

Princeton Acceptance Letter Real and Official

Princeton Acceptance Letter Real and Official SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Each year, PrincetonUniversityreceives over 25,000 applications for its undergraduate class. Only 7% of them get a Princetonacceptance letter.For example, in 2015, Princeton received 27,290 applicationsfor the Class of 2019 and accepted 1,908 students. That's a tiny 6.99% admission rate. Unfortunately, the overwhelming majority of applicants get a rejection letter. â€Å"I'm sorry to inform you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ I was one of the lucky few to apply to Princeton and receive an acceptance letter in the mail. Since Princeton was one of my top choice schools, I was ecstatic that they wanted me as part of their community. I dreamed about how my future would turn out if I attended Princeton. Here’s my complete, official Princetonacceptance letter. Want to learn what it takes to get a Princetonadmit letter yourself? Read my How to Get Into Harvard, Princeton and the Ivy League guide. I'll take you through the philosophy behind how to become the world-class student that schools like Princeton, Harvard, and Stanfordare looking for. You'll learn what it means to develop an application Spike, why being well-rounded is the path to rejection, and how to craft a compelling application yourself. Read this guide now before it's too late. Here's a scan of the original admissions letter sent to me by the Admission Office at PrincetonUniversity. Personal Story: When deciding between my top choice schools (Harvard, Princeton, Stanford, MIT), ultimately it came down to Princeton and Harvard. It was a tough choice - Harvard had broader opportunities and was in a city. But Princeton seemed to have a more spirited school culture, with its famous eating clubs, and it seemed to emphasize undergrad education more strongly. In the end I went with Harvard (and I made the right choice for myself), but it was tough. After the letter, I'll give you tips on what it takes for you to get an acceptance letter like this for yourself. Princeton UniversityAdmission OfficePO Box 430110 West CollegePrinceton, New Jersey 08544-0430 March 31, 2005 Dear Allen: Congratulations! The committee has reviewed your application and we are happy to offer you admission to the Class of 2009. Princeton received a record applicant pool of over 16,500 applications this year and your academic accomplishments, extra-curricular achievements and personal qualities stood out among this strong pool. The committee was impressed with all you have done. Thank you for applying. We are delighted to be accepting you. If you applied for financial aid, a letter from the Financial Aid Office is enclosed with this mailing. If you have any questions, a member of the financial aid staff would be pleased to speak with you or your parents. We understand that paying for a college education is a significant commitment, and we would like to help you through the process. Princeton’s policy of replacing the student loan with additional grant sets us apart from other schools and allows you to graduate without any expected debt. You and your parents are invited to join us on April 14-16 for our April Hosting program to learn more about Princeton. An invitation is enclosed with this mailing. Our faculty members are interested in meeting you and we hope you can join us. Also included in this packet is the response card which you need to fill out and return to us with a May 1 postmark. Should you decide to attend Princeton, we will be sending you more materials later this spring with information about getting ready for your freshman year. Once again, congratulations. We are thrilled to be sending you this splendid news. If you have any questions about the academic program, residential life, or a particular interest, please let us know and we will help you get the answers. Sincerely, Janet Lavin Rapelye Dean of Admission Congratulations! So this is a pretty standard letter. Like Harvard, Stanford, and MIT, the Dean of Admission signs the letter by hand, which is a nice personal touch. OK....so now what? You probably have a reason for reading this acceptance letter. Let me try to help you out. If you just received a rejection letter from Princeton, I'm sorry. When admissions officers say it's a really tough choice to reject students, they're speaking the truth. Chances are you were very well qualified but were just edged out by other applicants. The good news is that you're fully in command of your fate. There are Princeton alumni who end up aimless,and there are graduates from hundreds of other colleges (and people who never went to college) who achieve great things in this world.So if you're disappointed about a Princetonrejection, I hope you pick yourself up and focus on building your future from this point on. Here's a guide on how to get great grades in college, which is likely your next step. If you're planning your college application and want to apply to Princeton, I hope this acceptance letter inspires you to want your own. Make no mistake, it's not easy to get in. It took a lot of hard work to pass Princeton'stough admission requirements. Throughout high school, I had to strategize carefully and spend my time effectively so I could balance great grades,AP coursework,hightest scores, and deep extracurricular activities. To help you out, in the following guides, you'll learn everythingI know about succeeding in high school and college admissions. If you want your own Princeton acceptance letter, these are must-read guides: 1) How to Get Into Harvard, Princeton,and the Ivy League This is the most fundamental guide to help you understand what top colleges like Princeton are looking for. You'll learn my philosophy behind: what kinds of students are most attractive to Princetonand why why being well-rounded is the kiss of deathin selectivecollege admissions what a Spike is, and why an effective Spike will have all your top choice colleges fighting for you how you can develop your own compelling Spike based on your interests Spoiler: it's not easy, and there's no magic wand that can instantly get you a Princeton acceptance. But in my experience with thousands of students applying to college, there are huge misconceptions about what Ivy League-level colleges are looking for. In the process, most studentswaste far too much time on things that aren't important and do nothing to raise their admissions chances. Even worse, they feel stressed all day. That's why I wrote this guide. Read it before it's too late - it mighttotally change your high school strategy. 2) My Complete Successful Application, including Common App and Supplement To complement my "How to Get Into Harvard"guide, I share my entire college application, page by page, word for word. You'll see the exact application that the admissions committee at Princetonsaw, including the Common Application, my personal essays, letters of recommendation, and transcript. I also provide commentary on every piece of my application. You'll see what was REALLY important to get me into Princeton,and other things that weren't. You'll even see mistakes I made in my application. I've never seen anyone else provide this level of analysis and detail. 3) How to Get a 4.0 GPA and Better Grades Your coursework is critical to your college application. Not only do you need great grades, you need great grades in what Princetonsays is "themost rigorous courses possible." This can be very stressful and confusing. Do you ever feel like you're taking too many AP courses and struggling to even stay afloat? Having worked with a lot of students, the biggest problems I see are in mindset, habits, and strategy. To help students out, I've written a complete guide onhow to excel in high school coursework. I take you through three levels of detail, from high to low: Mindset and Psychology: Do you have the confidence to know your growth potential? Are you prepared to work hard? Overall Planning and Habits: Do you get the best results from every hour you spend studying? Do you understand what teachers care about, and how to give them what they want? Do you know how to avoid procrastination? Individual Class Strategies: How do you excel in English classes? How is this different from math and science classes? I learned a lot of these lessons the hard way from high school and college. This is the guide I wish I had before starting high school.I used these concepts to get a 4.0 GPA in high school and highest honors at Harvard. Take the time to read it and you might get better grades while saving hundreds of hours of study time. 4) How to Get a Perfect SAT Score/ How to Get a Perfect ACT Score Besides, GPA, theother major number on your application isyour SAT/ACT score. This score isso important because your scores compares yourself to high school students across the country. Top schools like Princetonexpect you to be in the top 1 percentile of the country. If you're not, you'll cast serious doubt on your ability to keep up with your Princeton classmates. In my perfect SAT and perfect ACT guides, I share the major strategies that you'll need to boost your score above a 2100 on the SAT and 32 on the ACT. Also, check out my series on getting perfect scores in each of the sections on the SAT/ACT: SAT 800 Series: Reading | Math | Writing ACT 36 Series: English | Math | Reading | Science Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Rhetorical Devices That Will Take Your Writing from Bland to Breathtaking

Rhetorical Devices That Will Take Your Writing from Bland to Breathtaking Rhetorical devices are powerful modes of expression that writers and speakers can utilize to craft effective and persuasive pieces. Different rhetorical devices can evoke different responses, emotions, and ideas. Rhetorical devices help the audiences of writings or speeches connect with the authors and the content of what is being communicated.They are powerful in that they can be used both responsibly and irresponsibly. Because rhetorical devices have these persuasive effects, they can be used to enhance good content or conceal fallacious or poorly researched arguments. For this reason, it is important to maintain a good working knowledge of rhetorical devices. This way, in roles as either an author or an audience member, you can distinguish between responsible and irresponsible uses of rhetorical devices. Additionally, being able to evaluate the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of an authors use of rhetorical devices is a useful ability to have in any readers toolbox for critiquing others writing.The difference between rhetorical devices and figures of speechRhetorical devices are different from figures of speech in that they are primarily used to influence the audience and emphasize ideas already present in what is being communicated. Figures of speech, on the other hand, alter the meaning of the content or can contain different or additional meaning than the literal interpretation of the utterance may contain.Metaphors are an archetypal form of figures of speech. Take, for example, the metaphor that person is a beast. This utterance would not typically be understood by a listener or reader to literally infer that the person is an animal, as beast refers to non-human animals. The internal logic of the statement would be compromised if we were to assume that it implies the object of the utterance is both human, as is implied by person, and non-human, as is implied by beast. Instead, the audience typically understands that the utterance is not meant to be inte rpreted literally. The statement can be understood to imply a number of things: the person is cruel, or the person is powerful, or the person is ignorant, et cetera.Rhetorical devices, on the other hand, do not contain extra meaning or further implications. Rhetorical devices work on how the audience receives the information being presented to them. If used effectively, rhetorical devices can sway the audience towards the authors perspective. A good example of this persuasive power is one of the most basic rhetorical devices that exist: pathos.Suppose that someone is making an argument for why people should be provided with free healthcare. Take, as an example in this argument, the statement, The boy cried every night because he knew that his mother could no longer afford the medicine that was keeping her alive. In this instance, the rhetorical device is not altering the meaning or adding information to the utterance, like a figure of speech would.The rhetorical device of pathos, or an appeal to the audiences emotions, is drawing the audiences attention to the emotional component of their idea and its impact on the lives of other people. There are not additional ways for the audience to interpret this statement; the statement is meant to be taken literally. It is a fact that the boy cried, and it is a fact that the boys mother cannot afford to buy her medication. By combining these two facts in this manner, the author employs pathos in order to appeal to the audience with the hope that this will sway their opinions towards those of the author.The boy cried every night because he knew that his mother could no longer afford the medicine that was keeping her alive is an example of the rhetoical device of pathos. Photo by Kat J on Unsplash.The fundamental rhetorical devices- Ethos, Pathos, Logos, and KairosWhile there are dozens of various rhetorical devices, we will focus in on the four fundamental uses of rhetoric. Mastering these can give any piece of communica tion you produce a persuasive and personal element that will engage your audience with interesting and memorable content.EthosEthos is the Greek word for character. The rhetorical device of ethos is intended to draw the audiences attention towards the authors trustworthiness, credibility, and/or expertise. This rhetorical device typically takes one of two forms: either an appeal to credibility or an appeal to character. A rhetorical appeal to character may consist of the author referencing their good deeds or decisions that would show their high moral caliber. A rhetorical appeal to credibility may take the form of making known the authors relevant experience and knowledge.PathosPathos is the Greek word for experience. This rhetorical device takes into account the audiences ideals and perceptions. Pathos draws attention to a disparity between what the audience expects or wants of the situation and the reality of the situation. It works to engage the empathy of the audience in an eff ort to show them that what the author is arguing for will bring about the world-situation that they view as ideal.LogosLogos is the Greek word for word. Logos turns the audiences attention towards the logical structure of and evidence provided by the content of the communication. This rhetorical device focuses on making the internal logic of the communication valid. It may consist of statements that make sense in the context of the overall message and that utilize factual evidence to support its claims.KairosKairos is the Greek word for opportunity. This rhetorical device takes into consideration the outside historical and situational context of how a message is presented. To utilize kairos, one must have an extensive knowledge about the audience and the attitudes they hold. Advertisements are often good examples of the use of kairos, as many of them exploit the popularity of contemporary trends in order to communicate their message.Using rhetorical devices responsibly versus using rhetorical devices irresponsiblyThe goal of using rhetorical devices is to make our writing or speech more engaging, persuasive, and memorable. A problem can arise, however, if we do not use these devices properly or responsibly. At times, it can be rather easy for an audience to see through the rhetorical device if it is not being used earnestly or if the content lying behind the rhetoric is not logically consistent. In these cases, the curtain drops, and what could have added a nice flourish to the piece ends up alienating the audience.It is important to acknowledge and understand the moral component of using rhetorical devices. As such, we must keep in mind that there is a responsibility inherent in their use. Of course, not all irresponsible uses of rhetorical devices have malevolent origins or consequences. It is easy, also, for the use of rhetorical devices to slip into the realm of logical fallacies. This can happen intentionally or unintentionally, but either way, it is impo rtant to be able to identify this occurrence in our own and others communications. A good example of this phenomenon is the rhetorical use of ethos.If used correctly, it can imbue the audience with a sense of trust in the author, which can greatly help in convincing the audience of the authors aims. An expert witness testifying before a jury during a trial is a good example of this. The experience and knowledge that the expert has gained from their education and professional training make them more qualified than others to speak about certain subjects. The jury is expected to trust the experts opinions on the grounds that they know more about the subject.An expert witness testifying before a jury during a trial is a good example of the rhetorical device of ethos. Photo by Wesley Tingey on Unsplash.Or similarly, one may say, My experience as a teacher has proven to me that students are more likely to achieve success when they are personally invested in their own education. In this ca se, the personal experience of the speaker is given as the evidence that they have a particular expertise in the subject at hand; and while their opinion is not immune to criticism, it should be considered as more likely to be accurate than a non-experts opinion.If used incorrectly, it can backfire and lead to the audience being less likely to be persuaded by the author. Take, for example, the classic four out of five dentists recommend this toothpaste advertising clichà ©. This may seem like a legitimate use of ethos, and under certain circumstances, it can be. However, if we evaluate the advertisement in itself, the author (the creator/s of the advertisement) is falling prey to the logical fallacy of appeal to authority, or argument from authority. This logical fallacy occurs when an argument is supported primarily by the assertion that an authority figure endorses the argument rather than basing the argument on the logical presentation of factual evidence.In our toothpaste examp le, we are not given any factual evidence for why this toothpaste is better than others; we are simply told that authority figures endorse it, and so we should too. So, it is first and foremost important to have a logically formulated argument based on true evidence before we ever begin to think about incorporating rhetorical devices.

Public Opinion & Responding to Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Opinion & Responding to Crisis - Essay Example The suicide at McKinley middle school is a report on the saddening death of a school teenager who took his own life away. Kenny McKinley who was laid to rest on September, 28th 2010, made the fatal attempt on his life while in school. A point to note is that suicidal signs or symptoms had been noted in him but as usual, they were not taken seriously. This occurrence brings about the big question about how seriously persons’ should view a crisis and take combative measures to make sure that it does not lead to a negative occurrence. It is obvious that if at all the people around Kenny were swift enough in taking measures to deal with the suicidal symptoms in him, the chances of him taking away his own life would have been reduced. This is because a positive step had already been made toward averting the situation, the crisis had been identified (Kowalski, 2010). All they had to do is seek ways of mitigating the risks associated with the crisis at hand. The same situation is als o exemplified in the case where Teddy Molina, a student from Flour Bluff High School, took away his life with a hunting rifle after what reports describe as a hounding experience from bullies on him. The two cases are similar in that people around Molina were aware of his experiences and how much they were affecting him but it is sad to note that no action was taken to avert the crisis. Communication is the conveyance or imparting of information, knowledge, ideas, feelings or news from one party to another. Therefore, it is a very important tool that can be used to make or break a situation. From the point of view of a crisis, communication can effectively be used to avert the possible occurrence of an unfavorable event. It is important to note, however, that, communication should be made in a good manner for it to bring out positive results because improper communication can even make situations worse. I believe that if at all proper communication would have been done to address Ke nny’s suicidal symptoms, there are chances that the problems that led to his decision of taking away his own life would have been solved in a way. During that time, the people who were close to him should have reported this to someone who could offer help to him, like the school counselor, instead of assuming these signs. A responsible person would have determined the gravity of his problem and sought ways to see sense and solve the problem with the deceased and help him overcome the suicidal feelings. A constant follow –up on him would also have helped him know that there were people on his side who were willing to help him face his troubles and would have helped him feel loved and protected. Most of such like cases are mainly caused by depression, a state in which a person feels dejected and sometimes hopeless and inadequate. It is a state at which people can do very destructive things not only to the people around them but even to themselves. A person in this condit ion is in a crisis and should be handled with utmost care to make sure that they do not come to the point of taking destructive measures to try solving their issues. A properly thought out plan to deal with crisis is important in any institution, including schools. If McKinley Middle School had employed such a plan earlier, we would not have been talking of such cases as

French commentators often see in 'republican values' a universal path Essay

French commentators often see in 'republican values' a universal path towards modernity. Define these values in the french context and comment - Essay Example Although it was often called into question, it finally established itself under the Third Republic6. It was written into the 1958 Constitution7 and is part nowadays of the French national heritage. Linked by Fà ©nelon8 at the end of the 17th century, the notions of liberty, equality and fraternity became more widespread during the Age of Enlightenment. At the time of the French Revolution, "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" was one of the many mottoes in use. In December 1790, Robespierre9 advocated in a speech on the organization of the National Guards10 that the words "The French People" and "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" be written on uniforms and flags, but his proposal was rejected. From 1793 onwards, Parisians, soon to be imitated by the inhabitants of other cities, painted the following words on the faà §ades of their houses: "Unity, indivisibility of the Republic; liberty, equality or death". But they were soon asked to erase the phrases final part as it was too closely associated with the Terror... 11 This motto fell into disuse under the Empire, like many revolutionary symbols. It reappeared during the Revolution of 184812 marked with a religious dimension: priests celebrated the "Christ-Fraternità ©" and blessed the trees of liberty that were planted at the time. When the Constitution of 1848 was drafted, the motto "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" was defined as a "principle" of the Republic. Discarded under the Second Empire13, this motto finally established itself under the Third Republic, although some people still objected to it, including partisans of the Republic: solidarity was sometimes preferred to equality which implies a levelling of society, and the Christian connotation of fraternity was not accepted by everyone. This motto was inscribed again on the pediments of public buildings on the occasion of the celebration of 14 July 1880. It

EPI7005 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

EPI7005 - Essay Example Several methods have been used in the correction of geometric distortions in MRI diffusion weighted normally resulting from static magnetic field inhomogeneities. Such inhomogeneties may be as a result of some imperfection within the magnet or magnetic susceptibility spatial variation of the object that is being imaged (Christ, 2000, p. 78). The spatial variation is normally referred to as susceptibility artifacts. EPI applied in most of protocols used in diffusion weighted acquisition uses a homogenous static field. Such afield does not normally hold for MRI head. The distortion that comes out of this is significant enough to even exceed ten millimeters. Such artifacts come in the way of accurate diffusion images alignment with structural MRI and are considered obstacles to the head MRI joint analysis of structure and connectivity. Some of the methods used for correction of magnetic susceptibility distortions include the use of a filed map. However, such methods of applying field ma ps are not reliable and accurate hence do not result in reliable EPI alignment with structural images that correspond to it. The T2-weighted structural image approach that relies on EPI baseline image and still gives account of the susceptibility artifacts is the recommended approach (Edelman and Schmitt, 1994, p. 610) Question 1A Several parameters have to be reduced in order to optimize EPI image and they include: A. Reducing the time of echo train length: The longer the length of the echo train, the more time is required by the spin to gather phase error and also the greater the distortion witnessed. One of the ways of minimizing the total time of train length is by minimizing the echo spacing. The less the time taken by the frequency gradient in sampling the signal, the less the distortion that will be witnessed as shown in figure 1. The period for sampling is normally during the flat readout gradient portion unless there is ramp sampling. In FSE, the less the ESP or the echo sp acing, the less the blurring of the image. In EPI, minimizing the echo spacing also results in a reduction in the blurring as well as a reduction in geometric distortion. Figure 1. The sampling time and the read encoding gradient during normal gradient performance (McMahon, 2012) As the segmentation degree increases, the echo number acquired per rf excitation decreases. This in turn minimizes the geometric distortion as the phase error time of accumulation is reduced. Figure 2 below demonstrates a reduction in effective inter-echo spacing (McMahon, 2012). Gradients are from two varying excitations, interleaved and offset with respect to each other. Figure 3 shows geometric distortion reduction as the shot number increases. In areas with low inherent homogeneity like the sinuses, the geometric distortion can appear with a larger shots number. As the shots number increases beyond a given point, the distortion reduction becomes unnoticeable. Figure 5; demonstration of the reduction of geometric distortion as the number of shots is increased (McMahon, 2012) B. Reducing echo spacing; methods used to shorten echo spacing include: Ramp sampling Increasing the receiver bandwidth through achieving a stronger gradient Resolution reduction hence a reduction in the echoes train number Phase encoding collection in multiple sessions (segmented or multiple shot EPI) By using increased amplitudes or