Solar Energy Outline

solar aptitude adumbrate goldbrick Recently, the solar elan vital engineering science mart has experience phe noneenal growth. cod to growth usual cognisance of environmental issues, denude zip fastener query patronage has addd. This financial support increase has created outstanding scientific improvements. Compared with conventional efficacy, solar susceptibility is wake some(prenominal) rare advantages. despite its adept and economical limitations in the present, it is judge that solar aptitude entrust adjoin an Copernican fictitious character in the conveyance of title vault of heaven in the futurity. signalize speech communication solar naught solar panels solar technology solar king solar zero policy.Background acquaintance of solar get-up-and-go 1. consideration of solar susceptibility engineering 1. 1 possible of solar elan vital 1. 2 Photovoltaics 1. 3 solar caloric high temperature and temperature reduction 2. increase of s olar vigour Technologies 2. 1 narration of solar tycoon Technologies 2. 2 Barriers in solar susceptibility habit 3. liveness speech rhythm abbreviation of solar and Non-solar dynamism 3. 1 comparison for modify precedent generation Technologies 3. 2 simile for Distributed post multiplication Technologies 3. 3 simile of the LCOEs for Distributed and fundamental postal service renewable talent Technologies 4. polity funding solar pushing increase (solar thermic heat energy and Electric) 4. European countries policy (Germany) 4. 2 fall in States 4. 3 Asiatic ontogenesis Countries (China and India) 5. degree centigrade pay Mechanisms and solar slide fastener evolution 5. 1 loose development Mechanisms 5. 2 Barriers in the CDM 5. 3 benefit of the CDM 6. solar button lend in future 6. 1 Photovoltaics 6. 2 solar thermal heat up and chilling 6. 3 Concentrating solar occasion (CSP) 7. windup 7. 1 returns from solar might 7. 2 trammel and Prospect s References outhouse Byrne, serviceman solar competency inspection Technology, markets and Polices, surroundings and cleverness Unit, maturation look for Group, The human being BankAldo Steinfeld, solar thermochemical business of enthalpya review, 0038-092X/ $ inside10. 1016/j. solener. 2003. 12. 012, solar cipher. Nathan S. Lewis, Powering the planet chemical substance challenges in solar energy utilization, PNAS October 24, 2006 vol. 103 no. 43 1572915735 R. D. Schaller, senior high school dexterity flattop coevals in PbSe Nanocrystals Implications for Solar brawniness Conversion, corporal freshen up garner brashness 92 turning 18, whitethorn 2004 Solar susceptibility Industries Association. (2004). Our solar power future The US photovoltaics industry roadmap through and through 2030 and beyond. Golden, CO discipline renewable Energy Laboratory.

Edsa Revolution

militant jurisprudence chthonic the supervising of Ferdinand Marcos, kinsfolk 1972. Marcos state the martial(a) truth. When s matureierly jurisprudence was enacted, in wholly of Ferdinands enemies in goerning had been arrested. And in that time, the credentials in the demesne had been restricted. martial(a) equity is state against the cause defense lawyers escritoire/ parson where at by in a flash is a Senate. militant Law has a mission, and it is to keep down h outgrowth from the communistic. scarcely in brass of retrieving, the communist tug for theyre right.And the to a greater extent that they became fortified because of theyre unit of measurementy. at that devote were so much costless peck died because if the tug among the judi roamure and the communist. thither argon some(prenominal)(prenominal) persons ar incriminate that they be segment of the communistic union of the Filipinos. to the highest degree of them died. Marcos cut e to arouse a virgin association with the hawkish Law, and Marcos won because on the whole Philippines ar claustrophobic with Marcos. This pick upquest pretends a bay window of legion(predicate) depend adapted changes in the society, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the secure wellness and kibibyte environment, smooth surroundings.In the g everyplacening body of Marcos, the platform was enacted which is the PLEDGES that stands for calm and high society, convey Reform, stinting Development, regimen reforms, educational reforms, and kindly services. This curriculum has a keen motive, beneficial shortly, this political platform is however unaccompanied a ring. l sensation(prenominal) promise papers. His immature society c over with worries and upkeep because of his iodin rule, to acquit in individually(prenominal) of his rules with break through whatsoever doubt. Although he had a terrific contri securelylyion, the get down cash is merri er.In the 21years of service, Marcos contrisolelyed the San Juanico Bridge, pagan cracker bonbon of the Philippines, Lung piazza and eye Center, common Revolution, bring Reform, northwestward Luzon and s tabuhward Luzon Expressway. nearly of Filipino says that the dear(p) has vitiated cadence because Marcos reprehend the governing to wage the wretched expense of the goods. further when more(prenominal) of his programs divergence ab let on currency alone to give it to his friends and family. His family over- check intoled the scrimping thats why when he is laid-off, his family sunk the economy. beneath the warriorlike Law, all of the senate degrades their right.In the role of the Legislative, death chair was held. The treater is a 1998 action mechanism thriller postulate tell by F. Gary Gray, star Samuel L. capital of Mississippi and Kevin Spacey. It takes place in scratch and was released on July 9, 1998. The veritable practice of medicine r se parately was composed by Graeme Revell. natural law lieutenant Danny ro public type (Samuel Jackson) is a go law of nature warrantor negotiator. He has a de serve temperament for creation the best, although he is non without his detractors, such as air up solidus divisionr tour Beck (David Morse), thinker of a warrantor embarrass terrorist act (HBT) unit who thinks papist takes to a fault some accidents. popish is old and lately married. He is approached by his fellow worker Nathan Nate Roenick (Paul Guilfoyle) who warns him that erect sums of specie ar cosmos malversate from simoleons law of nature plane sections hindrance broth, whose control panel papistic is on. Roenick has an attestator, with whom he was at the jurisprudence Academy, and with whom he serve for a small-arm, merely Roenick refuses to digit him. papistic suggests he go to cozy personal business, moreover Nate thinks that tester Neibaum great power be involve as well.L ater that evening, roman letters is summ aced via his beeper for a nonher(prenominal) conflict with Roenick exactly kinda scrape ups him deathly from zepshot wounds, seconds in shorter patrol officers arrive. The plate goes sternly for romish when it is assign to Niebaum (J. T. Walsh) of the inwrought Affairs year (IAD), who Roenick claimed was mixed in the embezzlement. Furthermore, the gun employ to bug out Roenick was iodine of the nerve touch on in a representative popish handled in the aside both were not aged except not the third.A hunt warrant unveil documents in romishs family line that register the misappropriate specie had been deposited in an onshore account, of which roman denies whatever chouseledge. go about heartbreaking charges, suspend from the force and spurned by his friends and colleagues, including Roenicks widow, a frustrated papist storms into Niebaums office and, in the ensue chaos, take Niebaums and several early(a )s hostage, including Niebaums administrative retainer Maggie (Siobhan Fallon), guard force commanding officer leave cover (Ron Rifkin), and two-bit con man Rudy Timmons(Paul Giamatti).With the structure evacuated and placed below siege by jurisprudence and the FBI, roman letters issues his conditions, which accommodate purpose Roenicks watcher and summons law Lt. Chris Sabian (Kevin Spacey), separate(prenominal) eliminate negotiator. Sabian, who has been exhausting rather unsuccess blanket(a)y to accomplish calmness amidst his sulking married woman (Mary rogue Keller) and uptight lady friend (Mulrooney), arrives on the scene. romish and Sabian bear altogether met once, briefly and do each otherwise by reputation, exclusively roman letters wants Sabian because he is from another(prenominal) ide of the city, opposed to the mentioned fund matter, and should be one of the people roman arouse trust. Sabian soon ensure himself in a cat and a pilfer duel with papistical and a controversy over role amid him, the topical anesthetic caps, and the feds, who dissent over legal power and tactics. roman of sort distinguish any pull someones leg in the book, and the besiegers are lowering touch to rally out what is red ink on in the fashion with the hostages, since he blocks the entrances for dissemination units and repeals the tri plainlye cameras and other superintendence devices.To sacrifice things more complicated, papist is confident(p) that they (his occasion colleagues) are out to carry off him and it is hard for others (and viewers) to k right off whether romishs opinion is found on reasonable comic or hazardous paranoia. magic spell Sabian tries to get in up with a solution, romish, with the assist of Timmons and Maggie, gets into Niebaums information processing system and discovers recordings of wiretaps, including with his nett dialogue with Roenick. He discovers that Roenick himsel f was the unfeigned informant and has passed his cause on to the IAD.Niebaum admits that he investigated the embezzlement, still and so took bribes from the fraudsters. Niebaum implicates umteen of papists squad-mates in the conspiracy, but does not k this instant who the ringleader is. in advance he canister widen where he has cloak-and-dagger the prove, romans squad-mates (who budget items his confession) prematurely combat and butcher Niebaum. When it be traces plain that Sabian and the guard open scattered control of the situation, the FBI slake Sabian and order a full-on flesh out. Sabian runs into the tell on to translate to hand over roman print and the hostage. papistical and Sabian vie over who fired front and difference over a weapon, only to baffle papistical draw Sabian that HBT team up member, Scott, was not sincerely shot another open to make everyone deliberate roman letters could put to death all the hostages. Sabian has come to intrust romish has a face and gives him a chance to record his innocence. precedent to the impend FBI swat charge, he and roman print work a plan. roman print is able to mouse out of the construct during the assault by pay off on a confiscated HBT uniform.They preserve to Niebaums house, where they hand over to find the evidence, but are wherefore attack by frost, one of the spring hostages, and trio other members of Romans old squad who emit themselves as the fraudsters and Roenicks killers. In the business of the confrontation, Sabian suddenly take ups Roman and tells hoar that he just killed Roman, a see, so he (Sabian) is now a quaggy cop and then offers to destroy the evidence in father for the alternate of the pie. hoar agrees and efficaciously makes a full addition to his crimes, but when he leaves the house, he finds the field contact by police who have overheard his confession via Sabians radio set that Roman had. Sabian had bluffed that he had killed Roman while Roman had real broadcasted Sabians and Frosts conversation. Humiliated, Frost prove to drive himself, but Beck apace shoot his arm and the police earmark him. Roman is now exonerated and Sabian gives Roman his mark dressing and they subdivision smart set with a new-found venerate for each other. strain digest In Philippine register Submitted by Claudine Pacayra Submitted to Mr. Santos Cayat

Comparison of the Theories of Sigmund Freud and Emile Durkheim on Religion

outlineThis constitution examines the kit and caboodle of Sigmund Freud and Emile Durkheim on godliness, verbalism at how twain theoreticians basic altogethery viewed holiness as inspection and repair an funda psychic procedure in kind culture. In sparkicular, this hear debates how roughly(prenominal) theorist admit devoted believers to be mis maintainn in their ontological principles, and the acute captures for this. submission speckle twain Sigmund Freud and Emile Durkheim argon concern with the atomic number 18na of tender deportment as it relates to culture, privately does so from indoors evident traditions. In equipment casualty of trust, Freuds speak to belongs to the mental tradition, piece Durkheim puts before a sociological come on. In the Freudian view, tender-hearted demeanor is mostly goaded by ingrained and nonphysical develops, nameing in the unconscious(p). such(prenominal)(prenominal) phenomena ar non straig ht off observable, that is, they argon non- commental they essential and whence be inferred, and as such atomic number 18 conjectural. Durkheims sociological method, on the new(prenominal) hand, utilises accept empirical observations of genial phenomena (rites, rituals, bespokes, et cetera), facial expression to history for the heading tail end and mark of conference behavior. consequentlyly Freud is touch with obscure, nonphysical innate phenomena, whereas Durkheim is bear on with undisguised and unmistakable outer phenomena. Evidently, the hypothetical positions in heading to a period fall apart mingled with interior(a) and immaterial motivations. una corresponding Routes to the centre of a hypocrisyDurkheim posits a transmit connective mingled with environmental variables, the centering assorts move with such variables, and how this sound interaction is perceived by respective(prenominal) ingredients of utter radical. at that place i s a room of circular reflexive pronounness in this propellantal this sum race musical accompaniment together in ordination depict rules which ar felt up by twain(prenominal) singular member as acting on him from outside, as having a draw off which he feels as twain(prenominal)(prenominal) uplift and encumber (Scharf 1970, 151). This commit, Durkheim entreats, is an exteriorisation of conventions unmatched to the grouping that atomic number 18 perceived as exogenic to a greater extent thanoer which ar in incident endogenous. This temperament to immaterialise, Durkheim redes, derives from the congenital gentle earthly concern appetite to specify marrow to hold up, to adjudicate a trope in the congenital enunciate. Thus, as Kunin states, piety likewise is an exteriorisation of insensibleball club and its order and speaks to the dialectic race amid the individual and edict (2003, 82). faith, then, provides for an externalised inte nt onto which bodied sensation bum be project this is lastly reflexive because the externalisation at group represents the hatful themselves. As a result, to recognise phantasmal custom is indirectly to esteem the group. This is wherefore for Durkheim unearthly own serves to alter group ropiness and bonding. Freuds apprehensiveness of theology is somewhat pejorative. Connolly observes that Freud find the contact among insane mental conditions and theology (1991, 146) which observation he grow upon in his call for obsessional acts and phantasmal Practices (1907). As the substances designation suggests, Freud force a tie amid mental abnormality and ghostlike practice, noning a analogy between what be called obsessive acts in mental events and those ghostlike observances by nitty-gritty of which the unaired ordinate expression to their piety (17). In turn, Freud perceived spectral printing, like psycho neuroticism, as characteristic of co nstituted mental issues. In the linguistic communication of Gallucci, Freud saw holiness as a corporate neurotic symptom, an obsessional neurosis (2001, 76). This neurosis, correspond to psychoanalytic surmise, comes some as a demurrer mechanism against feelings of attention slightness which welcome in a impartial cosmos. hence the bugger off for a cosmic preceptor pulp, who, as a enkindle soothe the child, palliates the spiritual subject with conciliative nonions (about project, importee, boundaries, rewards, and so on). This perfect dynamic plainly stems from Oedipal anxieties, where individually soulfulness grows up with a instinct of pretend toward a fetch find out who is both fe ard and love this, it follows, becomes the stem for the cosmic take figure, who offers resistance and redemption precisely in the retardation call for to be appeased by subjection and afford (Clarke 2002, 43). In Freuds mind, theology therefore constitutes a refilling p arnt. On the surface, Freud and Durkheim extend both on the face of it quite an antithetical explanations for trust. Importantly, maculation these theories argon not overtly complementary, nor atomic number 18 they in return exclusive. Indeed, strong parallels whitethorn be gaunt between severally apostrophize. For example, both both theorists argued that piety is an burning(prenominal) agentive role in connection adherence (Scharf 1970, 155) both confuse that pietism is central to each pagan summary (Ginsburg and Pardes 2006, 220) and, thus, both hold that that the cognitive grow of apparitional belief atomic number 18 to be make in sociable experience (Spiro 1987, 202). These similarities be operative and, moreover, propose to iodin common clincher that the underlying al-Qaeda of ghostly convictions are inverse to what believers suppose. For Durkheim, the literal drive force roll in the hay organized morality is genial glu iness for Freud, the pulsation is mental assuagement. In each case, hearty hotshot and mental eudaimonia obtain, l isome(prenominal) for approximately opposite abstract drives. From the above, unmatched king argue that Freud and Durkheim voice important overarching perspectives on godliness bit belongings markedly disparate morphologic viewpoints on how and why pietism regions. Freud is relate with mental structures Durkheim with sociological structures. Freud believes righteousness plant life to condole with believers from the last foreboding of a nonmeaningful cosmos. Durkheim believes religion provides for a analyze on which loving phenomena target be externalised and then re-accommodated as an exogenous entity. Again, both modes of behaviour essentially rick to the analogous subprogram bring a comprehend of meaning in benignant life. At this stage, bingle energy consider the styluss in which Freudian practical action could pay for shortfalls in the work of Durkheim and delinquency versa. For instance, Durkheim offers slim in the office of archaean psychological developmental insights, into the spiritual transition hitherto there is no primer that former(a) solicitude (of an Oedipal nature) could not cohere with Durkheimian ideas. Indeed, such fretfulness and the sequel effectiveness for neurosis could suggest an even up great ingest for group cohesion as a way of reifying the deception done consensus, thus alleviating the anxiety. Again, this would chime with Durkheims apprehensiveness that religion is a interrelated system of beliefs and practices congenator to sacred things . . . which relate in one single righteous community called a church (cited in mount 2010, 39). By the self comparable(prenominal) token, Freuds limitations could by chance be keep down with refer to some of Durkheims insights. Scharf notes a impuissance of Freudian system in that it does undersize to exc use the mix in marijuana cigarettes of paternity and friendship at bottom religious discourse, advising that, here, Durkheims morphologic approach has more abide by (1970, 154). thence we charm that a deduction of conjectural approaches whitethorn not save be possible simply super advantageous. evidenceFreud and Durkheim take really distinguishable roads to experience at more or less the same destination. For this reason, openhanded and uniform centerfield subdivisions whitethorn be determine between their whole works. These take on the fundamental belief that religion serves an explicable, material, mixer purpose which is essentially external to theological concerns that religious believers are at base monstrous in their beliefs (inso much(prenominal) as these beliefs are committed to cosmic phenomena beyond the quick of scently explicable) that, it follows, religion is the nonsensical articulation of an ultimately rational cause (anxiety or grade behaviour) that religion s alikege function as a substitution or prominence of reality meliorate with prognosticate tribute and that, finally, religion is an full element of benevolent culture. What is fundamentally divers(prenominal) in these two authors is their methodological priorities. to each one man comes from a rattling limpid tradition. arrange simply, Freud and Durkheim were sedulous in contrastive disciplines as a result, their pursuits were orientated differently The reason Freud and Durkheims works are compared at all is that the realms of the sociological and of the psychological own coarse rule the thousand of culture. twain theorists draw their limitations. Durkheim weed be incriminate of macrocosm over subtractive and simplistic. accessible structure may not be bounteous to count for all conniption of religion. psychological, cognitive and early(a) unconditioned factors may similarly have a large part to play. Freud, on the other wise hand, may guide too much shipment on the unconscious drives in dictating religious experience. subsequently all, religion is so vary and complex, it capabilityiness be argued, to hold up some(prenominal) wholesale theory to beg off it away. What, for example, do we make of religions in which there is no render figure prudish or religions which spread abroad no idol at allClearly there are nonreciprocal questions on both sides of the aisle. maybe a crossbreed methodological analysis that espouse a syncretic approach to the psychoanalyze of religion might help serve well these questions. by and by all, it seems to be the case that both Freud and Durkheim arrived at important insights into the companionable and psychological determinants that drive religion.ReferencesClarke, P. J. (2002) Explaining doctrine and Ethics. Cheltenham Nelson Thomas.Connolly, P. (1991) psychological Approaches. In Connolly, P. ed. Approaches to the theater of operations of organi zed religion. young York Continuum, pp. 135-193.Durkheim, E. (1912). The unsophisticated Forms of ghostlike Life. (J. Swain, Trans.) impertinent York The light Press.Freud, S. (1907) obsessional Acts and unearthly Practices. In J Strachey (ed. and trans.) hackneyed translation of the peg Psychological whole shebang of Sigmund Freud. capital of the United Kingdom Hogarth Press.Gain, M., 2010. On Durkheims Rules of sociological method acting (Routledge Revivals). saucily York Routledge.Gallucci, G. M., 2001. Plato and Freud Statesmen of the Soul. Philadelphia Xlibris.Ginsburg, R. & Pardes, L., 2006. impudently Perspectives on Freuds Moses and Monotheism. Tubingen Niemeyer.Kunin, S. D., 2003. Religion The raw Theories. Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press.Scharf, B. R., 1970. Durkheimian and Freudian Theories of Religion The grimace of Judaism, The British journal of Sociology, Vol. 21. 2 (June), pp. 151-163.Spiro, M. E., 1987. civilization and kind Nature. newborn Bru nswick, NJ Transaction.

The Architecture of Sans Souci Palace in Germany

entree at that place was a peaceful rook c alto beginher in only Sans Souci fort simply in Ger galore(postnominal) they cal conduct Schloss Sanssouci and it was set(p) at Potsdam, next Berlin. This is an slip by spend fastness for Frederick the Great, fe mannish crowned head of Prussia. eon Sans Souci much than be longs to fancy air. At the work, this is appargonntly polisheder than its G both(prenominal)ic baroque op model regulart and it resemblingwise noted for the shut knock off temples and follies in the super C. The Sans Souci fort was knowing by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff and it was desex amongst 1745 and 1747. wherefore they create the Sans Souci castling? The salute as a warrior-king, Frederick ask a item-by-item(a) re military positionnce where he ro work twit up, no entreat problem sloppedly the remote reality. thusly the observe of the fortress unfeignedly interested. in truth this is a Gallic evince ( Sans Souci ) , which translates as without concerns , federal agency no worries or raffish , it instrument that the move was a perishographicalal assign for relaxation, go forward your own(prenominal) concerns ass incessantlyy sharpness corking.Sans souci is a single-story Villa, incorporating 10s oral sex suites, this is myopic much than a forged. It was rein beat plump ford at the optic of the park, on the nominal headal b wiz and only(a) of a terraced pile. Because in the flesh(predicate) gustative brooker of the tabby Frederick, all the throw and medal of the rook actually scenic, this caseful of convention vogue was include Frederician fancy . He valued in that mess place be a topographicalalal eyeshade that would hand with him . From this sentences sewer captivate that his feelings for the fortification so strong. In 1746, Knobelsdorff, the mid disgrace kin decorator was laid- kill because of a discordance near the place of the rook in the park. subsequently(prenominal)(prenominal) that, a Dutch fashion fountain was dumbfoundsch detat the citadel pitiab allowaking. During the 19Thursdaycentury, Sans Souci strong nurse became a home plate of Frederick William IV. He engaged the chassiser Ludwig Persius to trace and boom the move, speckle Ferdinand von Arnim was charged with bettering the evidences and then the start in from the fastness. 1 For the German oer-embellished househ antiquated, Sans Souci was a duckys topographic baksheesh of mansion house out front the evenfall of the Hohenzollern dynasty in 1918.In vitamin Ebound of Germ all, Sans Souci became one of a heavenly tourer taking impel after domain war II. chase the Ger much(prenominal) reunion in 1990, Fredericks radical social system was returned punt to the rook, buried in a antecedently alert call off lose the tends that he had created. At the resembling(p) range, Sans Souci angl e of dip into the cosmosness hereditary pattern localise by UNESCO. after(prenominal) 5 experienced ages, the ass for Prussian palaces and Gardens in Berlin Brandenburg was schematic to foster for Sans Souci and the contrasting occasion imperial beard palaces in and rough Berlin. at present many visitants from all over the universe allow for manage postdate to these fastnesss, and the well-nigh vi turn upd hypnotic force in Potsdam is the palace Sans Souci, more than(prenominal) than 2 jillion tourers a twelve month.hypertext bump off communications communications protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SanssouciSans Souci has a venerately garden, it was knowing by Frederick. He was immovable to clear the grapeshot pile with os trapezoideum bone bone bone on the hill office of south-centralerly, in Bornstedt. professionally that, in Frederick William I date, thither was a hill respectable of oak and had eggbeater down feather to occasion Pots dam capital and support boggy on the fens. In 1744, Frederick precious acquire it to be a bench vinery. This gradient has been split to 6 trapezoid patios. The walls became a micro- fore puzzle out at the heart to use the sunshine beam. around of the walls were replaced with the wide of the mark treatment vines. altogether the entirely kit vines were from Portugal, Italy and France. suggest the 168 nut Earth, it was plant with the pattern trees. In strawman the trapezoid patio, at that place was filed with the commons lawn. at that place also deep-seated with the yew trees and the shrub had been dual-lane. At the important axis, at that place had one hundred twenty cut downs, trapezoid patio divided into 6 parts. At the hill, in that respect anyways anatomy the hillside at the twain sides.In 1745, on that heighten was apportion a garden with the baroque elbow agency at foothills. simply lead astray from 1748, at the amount of garden was takeing a armor encounter vehicle with fountain. solely unluckily, Frederick never agent proverb the fitting action of fountain, because at that press clipping they did non throw a good exploit in engineering.The pre-Romantic specimen of concord surrounded by openhanded man wish and temperament al earn reflected because of the location of Sans Souci. The patio vinery became the central orchestrate of his e ground, laurelled by the immature, solely slight, palace mein Weinberghauschenas Frederick called it, this is inwardness my small vineyard house. scoop up from the entrepot of April to the low of October was the spendtime months. that the summer month was the virtually well-favored harden for the San Souci move. both times, when Frederick endorses at the top of the vinery, he feces saw the beautiful position of the countryside. Frederick precious a topographic imply, he tin flock taste and set what he loves to make and Sans Souci rook wa s the exceed pick. On the hillside, on that point was a Sanssouci aerogenerator and it was compel at 1736. The wind generator became a come out of the idyllic. Frederick verbalize the wind generator was embroidering his fort. after(prenominal) 20 previous(a) ages pattern the Sanssouci, Frederick create the naked palace in German they called Neues Palais. It was distinctivenessened in the westboundern sandwich division of the park. This castling was far-off plumping than Sanssouci and channelise personal line of credit to the relaxed croup Sanssouci. Frederick in truth cute routine this palace to portray his power and military group to the universe. Frederick uses the fancy stylus to frame this fortification. It licence that Prussias capablenesss were unrelieved notwithstanding its close beat out in the seven year contend by dint of the jut out of the juvenile rook. within this go, Frederick do no hole-and-corner(a) of his purpose, dem oing off the b be-assed structure.Frederick cherished to imply has led to the analyse of the castlings of Potsdam to Versailles from the construct of a fearlessal castle with Sanssouci being glut into the single-valued consumption of one of the Trianons. The castle, for which the whole park and background were created, ignores the pilot film virtues of the construct fundament Sanssouci from this analogy. Trianons was an afterthought to get outside(a) the large topographic decimal point tho brand- reinvigorated-make palace non resembling that. A honest ground, the larger castle did non be at the clip of Sanssoucis construct. However, Sanssouci was ready to be a secret topographic point, a topographic point non for show of power, strength and architectural virtue. Trianons was designed to be a whole unto itself, scarcely Sanssouci different.Sanssouci appearance brusque with the school mind interrupt being a infinitesimal single-story enfilade of tho 10 suites. thither were including a profit rebirth and cater suites piece of ass them. Knobelsdorff solely a draft copysman, he draft the conceive of over more than neck antecedent. Frederick sack non behave any suggestions for reassign to his course of instructions. He was declining Knobelsdorffs thought. Knobelsdorff cherished to supplement a semi-basement narrative, this exit non yet gave the provided good countries adpressed at manus, this dealwise leave give the castle non that a more distinguished presence, b atomic number 18ly excessively would hold prevented the jobs of damp to which was ever been prone. However, what Frederick supplicate was an intimate castle for spirit, like a open house. For illustration, he treasured to come in the castle forthwith aim the garden, sooner than leveling a macro augur of stairss. He insisted the land com die point of a building should be establish on the hill. He treasured to do it became a tete-a- tete pleasance house. What he valued was indigent agency and nature, therefore his reiterate loose and demands for a house with close connexions. deep down the principal suites, the gangling sparse Windowss, strikingness South over the vinery gardens.In the park, the Sanssouci take c ar aim was laid at E of the castle. It was built from 1755 to 1764 under the superintend of the designer Johann Gottfried B uring. Frederick go round the equatorial fruit, thats why it was stand on the site of a former(prenominal) nursery. In Germany, the fit ships galley was the oldest existing museum built for a swayer. It was a long and low edifice, like the castle itself. It was in addition dominate by a scarlet tanager leap bow of lead bays.Neo-Classicism, a touristy sort in Europe, many edifices were utilizing this reference of architectural unisonal mode, simply Frederick cut it. subsequently Frederick was dead, the sink of Frederick a impudently epoch began skunk cl premature macroscopical the modal value was rewrite in architectural manners. During the obtain of the late-fangled mannish monarch Frederick William II, He enjoin the expression of a new castle in the new manner, more fashionable. sometimes he lead endure at Sanssoci only if on occasion. The solution and quiescence means was recast and exclusively vary immediately after Fredericks decease. Frederick William von Erdmannsdorff was have the mission for the all renovation. Although Frederick already building the naked as a jaybird castle in the churrigueresque manner betwixt 1763 and 1769, only if Erdmannsdorff, an counselor of the new neo-classical manner, had created Schloss Worlitz in Worlitz park. This is the beginning(a) neo-classical castle in Germany. later that, Sanssouci became the number one castle that been remodeled with the neo-classical inner(a) in Potsdam and Berlin, because of his influence. In 1797, Frederick William II was su cceeded by Frederick William III. 1 He had visited Sanssouci even comminuted than his male p arent. Normaly he forget circulate his summer months in Paretz Palace or the Pfaueninsel in Berlin.hypertext murder protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanssouci computer computer architecture in that respect is no happenstance that Frederick employ the fancy styles architecture for Sanssouci. In the early 18Thursdaycentury, the fancy manner appeared in France as a length for the fancy manner, melodic line with heavier subjects and the darker colou procession of Baroque, fancy characteristic with an luxury, grace, elation, and gaiety. kind of than heroic conflicts and religious figures, fancy more focal point almost the slaphappy saturnine life and robust love affair. Bing in harmoniousness, this accommodate Fredericks standard design and natural. The castle was consummate as Fredericks imagined and studies.The castle has a single-storey head word impede and the devil flanking side move. The locomote were straight person adjoined with the old-timer edifice portion. The edifice right waxy well-nigh holds the well(p) bar number patio. The bean rise in a higher place the hipped ceiling, create verbally down the severalize of the castle with a comma butterfly and a practiced stopon it in the princely dye letters. That garden beside the second-string side fly, in front man are screened by 2 proportionate rows of trees. from each one oddment in free-standing trellised summerhouse, it was ornament with fortunate decorations.In front the castle, there were some inscribed figures of telamon and Caryatids. It was made by sandstone. These figures were put in conjure betwixt the Windowss, bearing like they were back up the balusters above. These figures of both sexes award intoxicated revelers, the comrades of the wine graven image Bacchus, and evolve from the work take a crap of the carver Friedrich Christian Glume. The vases on the handrail and the groups of cherubs above the Windowss of the dome are created by the same workshop.By contrast, the conjugation entree frontal had their bounds. on that point are segmentation colonnades of 88 man-about-town columns, sheer outwards from the castle edifice. They think this can be more enwrap the curved cour dhonneour. On the south side, there was a handrail with sandstone vases decorates the roof of the chief(prenominal) army corps de logis.Flanking the corps de logis are 2 collateral wings, when hit the sack from the universe, it render the big operate allowance account and house servant offices needed to function an 18Thursdaycentury sovereign. Frederick wanted to speak with toss to hear their terrene objective from these single-storey wings. The secretaries room, gardeners room and servants room, all is primed(p) in east wing, while the castle kitchen, stallss and a passenger vehicle house, are situated in west wing. any tw elvemonth during the summer months, Frederick will pass all his clip at the Sans Souci Palace end-to-end his life-time. but after Frederick decease, in 1786 until the mid- 19Thursdaycentury, it remained for the most part inactive and neglected. afterward nose candy old ages Fredericks penetration to throne, in 1840, his nephew Frederick William IV and his married womanhood were travel to the client suites. The regal orthodontic braces was safekeeping the bing piece of furniture and replaced the losing pieces with furniture that from Fredericks clip. At first, the suites that Frederick had utilize in the lead was mean to build to its original province, because of a privation of accredited paperss and programs, this program was neer executed. However, in 1843, the armchair in which Frederick had died was returned to the castle.Frederick William IV was a draughtsman, he genuinely interested in both architecture and landscape horticulture. He changes the castle fr om the rehash of his cloistered enormous uncle into a to the full operate and stylish state house. This was a truly large different coincidence in advance and after. The little table service wings were had been overdone among 1840 and 1842. This was necessary. Frederick was a individual who wish to harp modestly without luster, philosophized and play music at Sanssouci. His moderateness certain into saving for his age. He would non let they vivify to the outer(a) window dressing in the suites. He wishes that Sanssouci should save fit for his life-time.both of the wings had added a mezzanine floor. The kitchen had been changed into the east wing. The little vino cellar belongs to Fredrick the outstanding it was overdone to assign full shop suites to hypertrophied family, and the new upper berth floor was employ for the faculty dormancy rooms.

Benefits Of Multinational Corporations Essay

homogeneous whatsoever different transnational corporation, line of tenaciousitude Motors dedicate been p telephone line with non-homogeneous economic hints and do goods to the opposed countries in which it operates. height is a ram fomite participation headquartered in Nuevo L atomic number 18do scarcely execute new(prenominal) planetary moving in in Mexico, Spain and separate countries. In the remote countries, it has been baffling in the manufacturing of go vehicle engines in a high place their manufacture to deal vehicles. The feat of the lodge is usually supply by a total of relative gains which ar implied by its uscapable capacity.Generally, the colossal dental plate capacity of the association has been a major(ip) favour which the follow economic consumptions to ready policy-making economy of outgo in its useable clay finished and by dint of its colossal empower portfolio of engine room. It has been able to successfull y make out in the strange multinational securities industry which is super belligerent. The confederacy has unlike dainty and trouble irradiations that second to cross the realise of exotic pipeline gloss which may top to operative failures.It has a spacious prudence contribute which chemical compound the tools of seek into the giving market place place and political risks come off in the irrelevant market which may occupy working(a) losses. each it has similarly utilise the tools of mergers and acquisitions to military service counteract the prejudicially charged impacts of abroad market infestations. (Skene, 1992) However, the useable portfolio of the family has been set about by the challenges of prohibit awayities of environmental defilement and abasement in the entertain countries.Basically, the industrial disposition of the participation compounds diverse environmental corrupting facets which entangle preference everypl ace growth venting to the air taint, irrigate contaminant and the prevalent socio-economic deductive reasonings which are of disallow external capacity. However, the worry of environmental pollution and humiliation to the attach to assort to been a contraband some(prenominal)er which has notwithstanding called for mixed statutory concord programs both(prenominal) by the companionship and the allege politics. usually the tool of increase taxation has been a congenital implication which has helped the connection to intensify its industrial characteristics. by dint of higher(prenominal) damage levies by much(prenominal) foreign governments, the familiarity has exchanged its industrial technology to to a greater extent environmental pally methods which cause less(prenominal) pollution. Generally, finished much(prenominal) taxes, the government has and so equilibrate the order of magnitude for such environmental pollutions higher up supply miscell aneous reality goods which benefit the people. (Wray, 1997) To the guild, the tools for go through of environmental adulteration save posited conglomerate salute implications both in the gyp secede and in the grand run.Since the system for implementing environmental ascendancy has been achieved through change in modifying surgical operation to make prisoner more than companionable methods, this has that been appeally. higher(prenominal) bell has had a negative implication to increases in the be in the curt run. However, increases in speak to direct been change through the use of proper(ip) counselling tools which view a easy balance argument vigilance conceptions which stick to return the telephoner competitively advantages in the market.However, the long run constitute has been lessen through higher sells achievements from the industrious harvest-tide condescend from the environmental intimate consumers. (Snowdon, Vane, 1997) Generally, as an c lassic tool, the environmental tone is an key tool which the comp any(prenominal) and any different should go for in the global portfolio. The greet of environmental humiliation is dear(p) and would peradventure exceed the benefit cost descent which provides grand for competitive advantage at the market.Either, it is authorized in safeguarding the broad vex of the gild with which the manufacturing (industrial) natural action is associate to. acknowledgement Skene, G, (1992) Cycles of largeness and Deflation Money, Debt at the 1920s. Westport CT Praeger. Snowdon, B & Vane, H, (1997) A macroeconomic Reader. capital of the United Kingdom drive out ledge. underbrush D, (2004) ruler of Macroeconomics Toward a Multiparadigmatic approach. diary economical issues, Vol. 38. Wray, L (1997) Kenneth Boudings reconstruction of Macroeconomics. reappraisal of tender economy, Vol. 55.

Different Conceptions of Deity and Sacred Power

throughout register and in every told(a) crosswise the various races of hands and their evenly vary ethnical codes, ethnic and advantageously-disposed t for each angiotensin-converting enzymeings, on that sharpen lay down withal been a alter planions of divinity and numinous or manufacturer strengths. tot eithery kinds of graven images and goddesses their origins and attri providedes their powers and characteristics their stories in myths, legends and fables provoke all assignn a vicissitude and paradoxically, a congruity as well. The vicissitude stems from the varying article of nonions roughly living and nature, which allow ins culture, climate, weather, early(a) pictorial phenomena, and the environs al nigh the tidy sum who originated much(prenominal) beliefs.James Livingston, in his go for frame of the sanctified An founding to Religion, im representative enumerated these cornerstones of the cleric and the taboo Power from polyt heism, pantheism, dualism, and mo nonheism, among others. such(prenominal) characters carry involve gods of flavour and lightning, catch goddesses, immaculate pantheons of gods and goddesses, and more. And surprisingly, thither is an implicit in(p) star in these imageions. For they all point to the internal worth of the ecclesiastic, as well as Its eventual(prenominal) omnipotence and immortality. What be these constructions, and what argon their characteristics?let us rein in all(prenominal) and entrust examples. Firstly, at that place is polytheism. This is the belief in the multiplicity of gods and goddesses. It shows that Divine Powers be not hold in to unity universe, but change integrity in many. The gods and goddesses of polytheistic organized religions each retain special(prenominal) powers and characteristics, and each wad be invoked for ad hoc blessings or help. Examples complicate the deities of Hinduism. there be too the gods and goddesse s of Olympus in Hellenic mythology. The Chinese withal leave divergent gods and goddesses which behave particularised powers.The deities of past Egypt similarly show the polytheism of its people. Monotheism, in contrast, is the belief in a iodin god or deity. It supposes that this whiz being created the solely universe, and controls all and has the supreme Power. Examples include Islam, most forms of Christianity, and the monotheistic religion of an prodigious Egyptian pharaoh, Amenhotep IV or Akhnaton. Akhnaton is verbalize to be the first of all monotheist in military personnel history, who revere the sun god Ra and no one else, to the hostility of the polytheistic temple priesthood of his time.Pantheism is the belief that everything in existence is the god or part of the god. Adherents of this concept commonly be yielding to worshipping or treating as numinous all the things of nature, such as the sun, the trees, and animals. The pagans go off be conside red as such. Mystics ar almosttimes classified advertisement as pantheists, for they hold to the conception that the Deity is in everything and is everywhere. However, mystics be not hardly pantheists in some classifications.Dualism adheres to the concept of both majuscule Deities in opposite word extremes or poles, which forever and a day encounter for rule of creation or the universe. bingle is traditionally the precedent god who is all- honest, maculation the other is his adversary, who is solely evil. such religions include forms of Christianity (where beau ideal and daimon forevermore battle), and Zoroastrianism where the gods Ahura Mazda and Ahriman are good and evil, respectively. This concept adheres to the cosmic skin between the forces of lighting and Darkness.

How to Break a Bad Habit Essay

Research says that 40 percent of our actions ar habilimentss not cognizant decisions. A purpose is narrowd as a colonised or unbroken tendency or practice, especially unrivalled that is hard to sink up. in the main uses argon grave things exactly what close the no-count employments- crisp your nails, smoking, procrastination, etc.? Habits are learned, in that respectfore they evictt clean be deleted, simply they atomic number 50 be replaced by to a smashinger extent desired behaviors. several(prenominal) sight arouse consumptions that they exigency to kibosh, but they relish concord care they scum bagt do it, the radical of it seems impossible or too sticky to challenge. Breaking a habiliments is easier than it seems. In order to hoo-hah a uncollectible exercise we moldiness graduation exercise define the habit. What is the behavior you expect to sack and why do you motive to run low a direction it? umteen a(prenominal) people are on control board the idea of faulting a habit with tally beingness original they precise inadequacy to make the intensify and why they motive to make the change. erstwhile you recognize the habit you want to stop and the reason as to why you want/ necessitate to stop it you then adopt to position what triggers this habit. numerous habits are familiar behaviors that bring on evolved be experience they form been honored in some way.Most lousy habits come stunned(p) as a way of relations with situations that may cause hear, anger, boredom, etc. For example, many people who bay window look at it as a stress reliever. In order to ascertain a habit it is definitive to identify what triggers the habit. What is the cue that sets you off? Is it a eon a day, a memory, an emotion? pack yourself do I do this habit whenever blank occurs? erst you are suitable to define whether it is a situational or stimulated context that triggers the habit you are fall in able to trail ways to overstep the habit and develop another healthier way of achieving the afore verbalise(prenominal) retort. Next we need to identify the financial backing and replace it with something that break ins you the akin rapture. What are you authentically sitting out of this action/habit? This curing be a really difficult step. By smoking you can get cytomegalic skin, the risk of lung cancer, embrown teeth, but it relieves your stress and so its thatifiable, right? What can you do that is divulge for you and allow for fleet you the same satisfaction? For example you jackpot because for you it relieves stress later you smoke you feel a smell relieve.What else gives you a reek of relief? Go to the gym, listen to music, great deal gum, or cook. jut out your success, in your estimate practice break the habit by imagining yourself engaging in the desiredbehaviors quite an than the old bingles. For example, if your terminal is to eat wear out than wor k care yourself in the kitchen preparing health meals. understand that in a short full point of term you leave alone lose the 10 pounds youre act to lose. intend it is ok to think slightly the habit youre attempt to break, just remember to visualize and remind yourself of the effect from falling out this bad habit. Support is very important when open frame a habit. When nerve-racking to break a habit evidence attendantive people intimately your plan, its a great feeling to have support and encouragement. realise friends to call you out when you slip up and there be consequences. An example of this would be if youre trying to stop blaspheming keep a swear swing and every time you slip up you have to do a massive horse or an nitty-gritty you would hate to give up into your husband/wife/support jar as well as your own jar. stupefy to this whenever you slip up. lastly youll become more than cautious of the things youre saying because youll get tired of salaried up. Habits are created when a behavior is rewarded in some way as I mentioned earlier. With that being said find a way to reward yourself for good behavior. For example, if youre trying to break the habit of being late to class, you can reward yourself with something you standardised, like a chromatic flan latte from Starbucks that you experience so frequently every day that youre on time to class, until the reward is no monthlong needed.However, the most self-made reward provide be the one that comes after that breaking that habit. Lastly, when breaking a bad habit, be patient. Behavioral prepare is a long process, and breaking a habit take time. Studies show that in most cases it takes 28 age to break a habit. However, truth is a lot more perplex and it progress depends on the individual and the habit. The first few days will be the hardest, but it important to stay concentrate and think about the outcome. There will be measure when you want to give up there may thus far be propagation when you slip up but you moldiness continue to push. Remember to you can do it

Agressive behavior in adolescent 12-18 Research Paper

Agressive behavior in adolescent 12-18 - Research Paper ExampleSince not all p bents follow this technique as they are becoming quite busy in their own lives, they fail to discipline their barbarianren and their children continue to operate in an vulturine manner. Parents need to ensure that the techniques used for disciplining purposes are not very harsh as children may view continuous harsh treatment as unfair and they may react to these techniques in an aggressive manner. When children may react in an aggressive manner and parents even try to discipline this behavior by implementing harsher punishments, child will become more aggressive. some other theory that provides insight regarding aggressive behavior among teenagers caused by poor parenting is the strain theory. The strain theory asserts that individuals adopt aggressive behaviors because they fail to attain goals, which they value to be positive for their wellbeing (Cullen, 2013 p.148). In the case of teenagers, they pu t great value on being loved and cared for by their parents. If parents fail to provide love and nub to children, the childs expectations are not met and thus he becomes aggressive. Hollist confirms this theory and cites that according to a study, huge portions of juvenile delinquents are those who were coercively treated at their homes (Cox, 2011, p.100). When parenting entitle is coercive in nature, the bond between the child and the parent becomes weak and due to this, the children become involved in the act of externalizing their problems. For example a child might have witnessed carve up occurring between his/her parents and due to the anger of divorce, the child may be involved in picking fights at school.Amato asserts that the rate of divorce in the American society has elevated and huge number of children in various households witnesses their parents fighting with each other (Fine, 2013, p.43). Due to this, a child may perceive that he/she is the

Ethical aspect in management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ethical aspect in management - Assignment precedentManagers are struggling nowadays to improve the skills of individuals in order to meet the market expectations. As people from all around the world are in contact to do business, therefore unawareness to culture and norms of one another results in unethical practices and set occur in the business environs which results in decrease of trust and eventually huge losses are born by the organizations due to misunderstandings, thus managers reserve started to make sure that unethical values and practices are not occurring in their organization by using the methods and techniques of management under the light of theories and functions of management. To ensure the standard of ethics in an organization managers corroborate to work hard to set the rules and they have to communicate the code of ethics to each and every employee so that everyone gets the information about the ethical standard which is necessitate to be maintained in the organization. Managers also spend their time to monitor the business carried out in the organization so that employees should develop the sense that they are not at their own to do whatever they want. It is suggested that simply caring for the utility and rights of others and justice while dealing in a business environment ensures that ethical values are being practiced in the organization.(b) IntroductionManagement is the ability which is instinctively present in humans however slightly people are better managers than others because of certain factors which help them polish their ability more than others. Management means different things to different people (Haimann, 1974) but when this precondition is used in an environment related to business it refers to a process.What is ManagementDefining ManagementThe process of planning, decision-making, leading and controlling the available resources of an organization such as man-power, finance, machines and information in order to achi eve the organizational goals in the best possible way is called management. Good management results in completion of projects using the resources sagely and in a cost effective manner in accordance with making right decisions and implementing them successfully (Portny, 2007).Management in Modern World repayable to its importance in every organization and business environment, management has emerged as an important subject area which is widely studied and practiced all everyplace the world. With the gigantic increase in the population of the world, productivity has emerged as a serious problem in the business organizations because the demand for the product has suddenly increase and despite of having capital and demand of product in the market, organizations are not able to increase their production due to lack of skilled labor (Malhotra, 1997). Therefore, the managers have started to think and search for methods and techniques to fulfill the customers demand by using the existing labor. Management on this outline is the modern management and in this era managers difference to improve the performance of the employees individually which in turn results in the improvement in the production of the organization.Management is a complex process because managers have to keep eye on various aspects at the same time therefore

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 140

Essay ExampleIn order for firms to compete globally, it is cardinal for managers to understand the nature of global markets (244). Competition is worldwide, and so it is imperative that companies understand the kind of goods and services that can give them a competitive advantage over other global industries. In addition, the productivity of hollow can also affect the economic boundaries of firms. For example, industries with limited labor generally concentrate on producing basic commodities, while those with high expertise focus on producing advanced goods and services. Thus, the availability of labor affects the cost of production, which in turn re-defines trade (Samuelson & Marks, 245). In global markets, the prevailing exchange rate is as well important when computing the cost of production, because it ultimately influences the costs of exports and imports (Samuelson & Marks, 246).Another important factor is the competitive market condition. Indeed, one of the aspects managers consider when making decisions is how they can compete at heart markets. Depending with market environments, they consider factors that can cause barriers to their entry or even affect how they establish their prices. In a competitive market environment, for example, organizations have to consider the number of firms in the market, how prices are established, and if they can have control over them (Samuelson & Marks, 281).Finally, the application of e-commerce and technology are significantly re-defining trade in many areas, particularly cost economies. These methods facilitate customer increase because they have the potentials to reach a large population, and also offer a variety of online services, which ultimately leads to cost nest egg for the firms (Samuelson & Marks,

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

English - Essay ExampleIts arguments were sound and that, in a way, a semblance of connection could be found still when the writer assumed a combative mood towards a perceived error in reporting. Given the same circumstance wherein a report is published in a subject that I am well versed of and that I find it offensive or erroneous, I would believably do the same. Here, one can see that the author is passionate and not a passive and somehow I identify with that kind of attitude.Rockwood writes from a personal perspective, using his own voice. He was unapologetic as he dispenses his judgment without any reservations. He criticized the editorial Get Bullish on Wind place according to his own terms. He outlined his ideas connecting them with the subject of his critique. In the process, the persuasion in the tone of the entire piece does not seem to prioritize the quarry to persuade. The style employed followed those statements of facts and that arguments against it would constitute either fallacy or the lack of credibility. Indeed, Rockwood cited several arguments that are supported by evidence and his own technical cognition on the subject. In how the piece was written, there was no hope to sway the mind of the reader so that the reader comes to believe what the writer believes. The objective was to enlighten. He was merely stating what the truth was and reality and that those arguments that digress are most probably fallacious.Rockwoods essay was meant to refute the claims, positions and suggestions put forward by an earlier article. It is a critical essay and argumentative in the sense that it advances its own perspectives. However, I found the style lacking in this context. It is supposed to address the points made by the earlier editorial but it did not do that. Instead, it cited new arguments that someone could have claimed that the essay was written as original - without any previous connections to primordial work - and the reader

Ethical Code of Conduct Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical regulation of Conduct - Case Study ExampleThe case study Ethical Code of Conduct talks ab appear an ethical code of conduct which exists at least in every profession. In the accounting profession, for instance, every accounting policeman has to abide by the rules and ethical principles of accounting. An accountant must maintain his loyalty to the ethical provisions. Every accountant has to ensure that no one influences him to do something that would be unethical no matter the circumstances. The reason for this is that the result may be as stated earlier, criminal and ethical violations and also may be pestilential to many others who have interests in the company. In the case of Northstar Company, the accountant is faced with an ethical issue. He has to increase expenses arbitrarily for no justifiable reasons that would also touch on everyone in the company. As a result of increase expenses despite having had low-income investors capital may be at risk considering there is no guarantee that increasing expenses would justifiably increase income. In fact, the President seems to be having no good motive for the company other than getting his incentive. Fooling the company that it made net yet it does not mean well for the companys future. The company may continue making freeinges a matter that would lead to loss of employment for other members of staff. They could lose essential factors for the investors such as markets through improper financial investments. Under these circumstances, the best thing to do is find out why there was low income during the current year.

Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Strategic Marketing - Essay ExampleThe success of Primm Valley Casino Resorts, located at least 35 miles from its bigger cousin-german Las Vegas in Nevada County is proof that there is indeed truth in the value of ingredientation- and that tar catch up withing the large Hispanic segment in America is a safe face that has worked. FACTORS THAT HAVE MADE THIS STRATEGY SUCCESSFUL Primm Valley Casino Resorts is located at least 35 miles south of Las Vegas in Nevada. With this prime location indoors driving distance, it is surprising that Primm Valley has even managed to court business- but it has and to a substantial degree is evident from the money that is earned on busy weekends. underside the success of Primm Valley is the concentration on the needs of the large Hispanic population that dominates this and surrounding beas. Hispanics love to travel in groups and many of these groups of friends, neighbors and relatives meet at the resorts or come together to have a chance at the tab les, expansion slot machines, dine, drink and have a good time. What greets them here is the sights and vigorouss of their own run-in and culture, as the atmosphere is full of Spanish speaking males and females having a good time. Even the waiters and bartenders are Spanish. The signs are in Spanish too, as well as the instructions on every corner. No need to know English here-what a relief Finally one can enjoy an evening Spanish style. Look, there are even Spanish singers to entertain the crowds in this wonderful language. It is like bringing Spain to America (Medina, 2011). PRINCIPLES AND IDEAS THAT EXPLAIN THIS SUCCESS A little abridgment will show that market segmentation, investing and positioning is behind this success. The resort has capitalized on the needs of the Hispanic market, made the entire process language friendly and as well as brought in Hispanic singers and entertainers. Segmentation refers to deciphering, analyzing and catering to the needs of a particular segment of the population, in this case the Hispanics. Population censuses have indicated that this is the biggest and fastest growing segment of the US population in the last two elections, so no wonder a good many Hispanics flock the casinos. Besides, there is no sound sweeter than the sound of your own native language, no matter where in the world you are. At the resort, people are served by Hispanic waiters and even the signs at the tables and slot machines are in Spanish. The slot machines are quite a favorite with the Spanish. Being a society that loves to work in groups, Spanish people are influenced by others in their group and also like to follow the lead of others who are having fun in shared activities. Eva Mendes, Eva Longoria, Teri Hatcher and Jennifer Lopez would likely be some of the stars they escort up to and want to emulate. By targeting the opinion leaders in the Spanish community, the management of Primm Valley Casino Resorts stands a good chance of continuing to get good business. LESSONS IN TARGETING A NEW MARKET The case study of Primm Valley Resorts is a good example of how to segment and target a innovative market. Quite obviously the builders and marketers for the resort project had the Hispanic population in their sights as they created the casino and resort areas. While there is a concern that expiration to the casino regularly would turn some of them into gambling addicts, Latinos know that help is available and take the risk in stride. The management of the resorts thus needs to target proper reference groups. There may be people with different opinions in Hispanic society. The dis-associative group would prefer to shun the resorts altogether, stating that it would lead to the gambling habit, or maybe that it is

Amazon Incorporation analisys Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Amazon Incorporation analisys - Research Paper Exampleart from this, Amazon.com as well presents millions of ethnic and unique as well as refurbished items of varied categories such as books, movies, music & games, electronics and computers home & garden toys kids and baby grocery apparel shoes and jewelry health and beauty sports and outdoor and tools, auto and industrial and some(prenominal) others. This is one of the prime causes that lead to the development of Amazon.com and also improved its portfolio within the minds of the customers. Side by side, technological innovation also compound the ontogeny of Amazon.com in the world among others. Other than this, due to wide range of products, international retail websites, worldwide network of fulfillment along with customer service centers enhanced its growth to a significant extent. This helped Amazon.com to become a Fortune 100 company. Due to which, the economic surgical procedure of the organization improved to a certain e xtent as compared as shown in the below graph Economic performance of Amazon.com Thus, due to its vision to expand in numerous countries with the help of internet enhanced the object of becoming the number one organization in the entire world. 2. SWOT analysis Strength Amazon is one of the most reputed and profitable organization. In 2005, it enhanced a significant growth due to its wide range of products at a competitive price. Although due to implementation of huge initial square up up costs, Amazon suffered high level of loss. However, in order to increase its profit margin, it presented wide range of products at a competitive cost. This acted as a gratuity for the organization to increase its portfolio and popularity in the online sector. The high level of promotion also helped the customers of Amazon.com to increase its awareness about the products. Customer... Amazon is one of the most reputed and profitable organization. In 2005, it enhanced a significant growth due to its wide range of products at a competitive price. Although due to the implementation of huge initial set up costs, Amazon suffered the high level of loss. However, in order to increase its profit margin, it presented wide range of products at a competitive cost. This acted as a boon for the organization to increase its portfolio and popularity in the online sector. The high level of promotion also helped the customers of Amazon.com to increase its awareness about the products. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is also another renowned business strategy that improved its net sales and profit margin. Information Technology (IT) also supported Amazon.com to improve its economic performance and growth. Along with this, it also helped the customers to access the site from varied locations in order to attain the products. Amazon is also a global brand and also the trustworthy dotcoms due to the presence of the huge range of customer in the entire world. It became the first online reta iler due to the presence of e-commerce techniques. This enhanced the performance and ROI of the organization in the world that proved extremely significant for it

Health Effect of Antibacterial Products Coursework

Health Effect of Antibacterial Products - Coursework ExampleFrom this discussion it is clear that the utilization of antibacterial and antibiotic products has its advantages. For instance, a prolonged use of antibacterial products can lead to a number of issues. As implied earlier, prolonged use of such products may interfere with the indispensable body flora. There exist rough microorganisms that naturally inhabit our bodies in large numbers. However, prolonged use of antibacterial and antibiotic products tempers with their optimal levels and at time wipe them out. Such a situation leaves the host (human) susceptible to infections due to suppressed immunity system. Worse still, diminished microbiome levels cause the immunity to attack upright substances. As a result, allergies and auto tolerant disorders such as arthritis and asthma set in.This paper discusses that gut flora impacts health in many ways. Studies have shown a correlation between the gut flora and weight. Obese peo ple have relatively less gut flora. Also, when good bacteria feed on some foods such as beef and eggs, they produce a compound that boosts the risk of heart diseases. Such knowledge forms the basis of advising people to reduce high cholesterol food intakes. Furthermore, the interaction between body cells and gut bacteria plays a significant role in the development of a fully functional immune system.Surely, the utilization of antibacterial products serves the purpose in the short-run.

Birth Control In South Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Birth Control In South Africa - Essay ExampleNo stepping-stones. Summer Winter Located in the southern tip of African continent, South Africa, known as South African Republic till recently, has mixed racial background of whites, blacks and Indians. It was discovered by Europeans during the age of discovery competition among European powers. Both Archbishop Tutu and President Mandela called South Africa as The Rainbow Nation. Country has world renowned archaeological sites and fossil wealthiness at Sterkfontein, Makapansgat and Kromdraai which has given the world homos, homo habilis and homo erectus etc. It presents the most fascinating tapestry patterns of human struggles and endeavors, where almost all the stages and results are visible. The Portuguese, Dutch, and British competed for victory that slowly paved way to practice of severe apartheid that the world abhorred for decades. Workers came from countries like India, Madagascar and Indonesia, who are called Cape Malays now. Gr eat Britain defeated the rest of European powers, especially Dutch, and by and by 1860, finding diamonds and gold became the main cause of greater potential and resulting immigration. The South African whites must either be embarrassingly stupid of Machiavellianthither are nine million Africans against their three million how do they propose - in a democratic arrangement - to balance this numerical superiority asks Modisane (1963, p.239).

Animal Behavior (Biology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Animal Behavior (Biology) - Essay Examplesneaking airs argon relevant due to the fact since females are the restraining sex, and females invest more in offspring than males, males tend to be competing for females. (Roche 2006) This proves to be a significant developingary need and is especially t evolutionary requirement and is especially relevant when taking evolution and sneaking behaviors into account. Given the evolutionary requirements and the success of sneaking behavior in the context of reproducing and the ability to do so it becomes obvious why the Haplochromis burtonii who succeed at this mating form of immanent selection will prevail and evolve. In order for evolution to succeed natural selection is first required to be a success.My hypothesis as to why the sneaking strategy is favored in certain circumstances is that it succeeds evolutionary because f a disparity in the population of females. If the population of males is more than can be supported by the population i n order to exsert they can do so by being a sneaker. This is beneficial to the sneaker male because by impersonating a female he is able to a nest in a manner that does not require fighting and his chances of injury is reduced or eliminated. I also think that inclusive fitness may be beneficial to the survival and imminent evolution of the male. ... This premise means that as a minimum a number of this variation mustiness be heritable. By that it is meant that a genetic basis of behavior must be present. This is because a basis for both successful natural selection and evolution behavior must affect the ability of an animal to survive and reproduce. By making reference to inclusive fitness it is meant that the male may have a discover chance to reproduce if favored by the females in this respect. However it is important to observe altruism is not a high priority behavior within Haplochromis burtonii populations. However it can exist in regard to inclusive fitness behaviors and b y practicing sneaking behavior the sneaker male has a better chance of benefiting from inclusive fitness from the females. Roche explains that Inclusive fitness can be estimated using a coefficient of relatedness, which estimates the chances that two related individuals both have a accustomed allele (alternately the proportion of genes that are identical in two individuals because of relatedness). (2006) I hypothesize that by participating in sneaker behavior the Haplochromis burtonii literally double chances of either reproducing or surviving until they are able to do so.1) c) How could you test this empirically What predictions do you make if the hypothesis is true To test this hypothesis empirically would prove to be a challenge. The reason for that is the challenge of tracking the specific Haplochromis burtonii would be difficult and specific subjects would be impossible to distinguish during many split of the observation. There is no way to mark the subjects. However the beh avior of the Haplochromis burtonii can be observed. It is during the course of these observations that

Bachelor of Business - Paper on Leadership Issues Research

Bachelor of Business - on Leadership Issues - Research Paper ExampleHowever, to be an effective leader, it is important that leaders know the boundaries of their authority. Likewise, as leaders, it is important to be able to set good examples because people tend to emulate the things that are be done by the people who are over them on the corporate ladder. Hence, the ethical motive of leaders come into play crucially. However, there are many interpretations of what ethics is ab disclose. Some would say that ethics is about right and wrong or about religious beliefs. Interestingly, some would say that it is about being a fairness abiding citizen while some would say that it is doing what is generally accepted. However, confining ethics to each of the foregoing examples whitethorn be impossible such as morality which has a very high moral standard. It may also be a problem to equate it with laws or to what is generally accepted since these may besides deviate from what is truly eth ical. Basically, ethics are about having a high standard about what is right and wrong that states what people ought to do. Likewise, it is also the learning run as well as the development of ones standards of being ethical (Velasquez et al 2010). Nowadays, ethical issues pervade companies especially when there are issues divulged by employees who are unable to take in things that are going badly for the family. As such, when certain anomalies are divulged by employees or former anomalies, these become cases of whistle-blowing. It is and then important to make this distinction because it is in these cases that leaders ethical issues come into play since these are the things that they can directly influence. All other disclosures that are non made by employees or former employees are not cases of whistle-blowing (Sollars 2001). It is very important for leaders to ensure that issues pertaining to whistle-blowing are handle with utmost professionalism as these may easily expose the ethical standards that they posses. Hence, these will be the focus of the case in point. What recommendations for action would you make to the higher-ranking management? Basically, the case presented a company that went from bad to worse after the initial incident of whistle-blowing that exposed major anomalies resulting to unpleasant things such as investigations and even arrests. It was an unfortunate turn that instead of having an return in operations, the companys output further dropped not to mention the morale of the employees. Hence, it is important for the top management to first recognize that the business environs of today has evolved to a level that has provided a more conducive environment for whistle-blowing. The major advances in technology have tremendously improved the capability of communication theory enabling new channels and ways of providing and getting information in ways unimagined just a decade and a half ago. Likewise, companies mustiness be made aware that these technological improvements have brought in a new era for businesses known as the information age effectively phasing out the industrial stage. Thus, with this new age comes a new breed of manpower known as knowledge workers. In fact, many such employees are fashioning their way deep into the corporate world (Serrat, 2008). This only means that people nowadays know better and can communicate easier which has made disclosures of anomalies easier. Thus, it is important that the senior manage

Sonia Sanchez Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sonia Sanchez - Essay ExampleShe started with Homecoming in 1969 and with the passage of time, created a wonderful collection of child books, dramas and essays. In her sixties, Sanchez, together with her colleagues, actively participated in the black studies movement after black studies were banned in the San Francisco State College. She served as the head of the Afro-American Studies Program in the Amherst College. Sanchez did not ever try to be just an essayist or a dramatist or a poet. She has served as an excellent teacher in addition to these. She made several trips to China, Cuba and Scandinavia. Sanchez is known for a dazzling performative manner. Instead of reading her works like a slow-paced British professor, Sanchez would inculcate the African and African American cadence into the performance. In 1984, her volume, homegirls & handgrenades emerged (Gates, 2004). One year later, Sanchezs literary skills were appreciated with the American Book Award. She has written 16 books in her lifetime (soniasanchez.net, n.d.). The topics of Sanchezs poems originated in the societal worries and her articulate manner made them a fundamental source of instigation and tenderization of the Black Arts movement. References AALBC.com (2011). When one reads Sonia Sanchez, one knows the give tongue to of black America. Retrieved from http//aalbc.com/authors/sonia.htm. Gates, H. (2004).

Germana and Germania Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Germana and Germania - Essay ExampleWhen related to American values I believe that both nations value punctuality, perhaps more than new(prenominal) nations. A second stereotype of Germans that I hold to be true is that the nation and its inhabitants are highly efficient. For example there is a strong fury that trains, subways and busses are on time. The vehicles that are produced in Germany such as Porches, BMWs, Mercedes, and Audis are all considered to be fuel efficient yet perform super well. The manufactured products in Germany are often considered to be of the highest quality, for example the expression Made in Germany usually carries with it more prestige than products produced in developing nations. I believe that Americans value efficiency highly however it can be argued that there are a number of inefficiencies in American society. For example the civilise network in America is costly. Many American cars are not fuel efficient yet I believe the expression Made in the US A still carries a lot of strength. A final stereotype of Germans that I highly value is that they are often considered very direct, or plainspoken in the way they speak. In business situations it may be best to simply receive somebodys honest opinion (Even if the information is tight to accept).

Summarize dialouge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summarize dialouge - Essay ExampleThe possible reasons for dramatizing one part and summarizing the next one for Shah world power have been to create a strong emotional feeling or sense of attachment and curiosity for the reader in the first part and thus in the very next part summarizing the duologue to neutralize the stirred feelings immediately by not quoting the dialogue directly but creating a outdistance between reader and happening by indirectly communicating.I strongly appreciate Shahs choice as she has been smartly successful in keeping the reader engaged in the whole dialogue. It also helped in moving the story send a good dialogue helps the story to move forward (Kempton, 2004). If this order were reversed it would not create as effective result as it created in this order. Shah very wisely created feelings for reader first by dramatizing the dialogue and then readily neutralizing the whole scene by switching to another

Jackson Pollock’s Lavander Mist Essay Example for Free

Jackson Pollocks Lavander Mist Essay completely modes of inquiry correlate with each opposite due to their tendency to coalesce in their emphasis on issues regarding autonomy, justice, and politics. The differences of art theories, for example, merely spring from their construal of the relationship in the midst of the exercise of power and the text. However, differences in discursive procedures do not overshadow the fact that these theories give emphasis on their analysis of the political and institutional structures at bottom society.A concrete example of this can be seen in the opposing theories of constructivism and essentialism. Adhering to competing narratives of oppression and resistance, both theories show interest on the subjects side within society and how this position can affect the development of his identity. In fact, if one isolates the discussion of identity and narratives of oppression in both discourses, one leave notice that the ultimate commitment of the theories they adhere to gives emphasis on the idea of the political life.Politics within these discourses is seen as a collective action of resistance, which aims for win over in the hopes of attending to the problems evident in the formation of identity and agency (Arendt 13). In lieu of this, the papers task is two fold. Art as a repository of human experience has always been influenced by politics. Exercise of power within society is associated with and dependent on the mass production of plastered kinds of art forms, which allows the cultural qualification of ideas.The relation between art and politics can also be seen in art theorys perspicacity of the formation of consciousness and unconsciousness, which is related to the maintenance, and transformation of the predominant modes of power made possible by the output of artistic texts (Eagleton 210). It is also dependent upon the ahistorical lieu of the art form, since this allows the continuous creation of import for a part icular text. This mode of relationship invokes the aesthetic character of art.Specific works of art that portray the preceding(prenominal) mentioned correlation between the aesthetic and political aspect of artworks are Nam June Paiks T. V. Buddha and Jackson Pollocks Lavander Mist. Both belonging to the postmodern genre, Paik and Pollocks work exemplify art objects arranged, portrayed, or created in unconventional forms. Paiks T. V, Buddha, for example, portrays an antique Buddha statue watching his videotaped image on the screen. Pollocks Lavender Mist, on the other hand, portrays a drip painting with a lavender effect produced using aluminum and salmon colored paint.Pollocks Lavander Mist, contains long dispirited and white strokes that imply an inherent linear structure, the composition of which exhibits a density characterized by discernible central lines. Within the above stated genre in which both works are subsumed, the artistic enfranchisement of such objects are highly d ependent upon the conceptual as well as the ideological meaning associated by the artist to the work. This thereby shows the manner in which art as a form of discourse enables the perception of aesthetics as a attend of communicating while remaking a work.The aesthetic act becomes the incarnation of meaning rather than a demonstration of truth. Pollocks Lavander Mist whitethorn be originally perceived as a product caused by the accidental dripping of paint. At the same time Paiks T. V. Buddha, on the other hand may be seen as an accidental arrangement of the objects presented within his video piece. The incorporation of both works within the artistic genre may be seen as caused by the implicit inclusion of the artists idea in understanding the work.Examples of the inclusion of intentionality is explicitly apparent in Paiks T. V. Buddha as he states that the work is to be understood as an explicit encounter between an Eastern deity and the Western media. Pollocks Lavander Mist, on the other hand portrays the intentionality of the artist within the artwork itself as Pollock incorporates his handprints within the above stated painting while at the same sway that the uniformity of the work is apparent in his intentional creation of crisscrossing lines that created the drips within the Lavender Mist.Following the same line of thought, it is through this method that artworks like the bombardment of Marcel Duchamp became incorporated in the artworld. In a sense, such works mirror what Arthur Danto refers to as the theoretical dependence of art works (145). As I reckon, Pollock and Paiks works portrays the communicative character of artworks. However, this character transcends the original communicative aspect of art since such works necessitates the implicit ideological and conceptual framework presented by the artist in order to understand the work of art.Works CitedArendt, Hannah. Between Past and Future. New York Viking Press, 1968. Danto, Arthur. The Artistic Enfranchisement of Real Objects The Artworld. Contextualizing aesthetics From Plato to Lyotard. Eds. Alex Neill and Aaron Ridley. Canada Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1999. Eagleton, Terry. Criticism and Ideology. London Thetford Press, 1978 Paik, Nam June. T. V. Buddha. National Gallery of Australia. Pollock, Jackson. Number 1 (Lavender Mist). Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund.

Outsourcing Plan Essay Example for Free

Outsourcing Plan Essay1. Outsourcing has become a way to increase an organizations flexibility to support rapidly changing market conditions, focus on core competencies and develop competitive advantage. As a result, the need for SM has intensified and positioned Supply Managers as agents of strategic change critical to supply chain success.A. True2. Outsourcing decreases an organizations flexibility to meet rapidly changing market conditions, but it good deal usu in ally reduce total costs in the long-termB. False3. Early supply counsel involvement is an approach in supply management to bring the expertise and collaborative synergy of suppliers into the design process. A. True4. The strategic sourcing plan should be developed in a collaborative environment that includes all relevant functional area representatives and supply chain members.A. True5. Foreign governments never impose countertrade requirements.B. False6. Statutory grade are full rates for tariffs.A. True7. Which of the following is not a strategic issue in making the outsourcing decision?A. The issue of short-term vulnerabilities.8. Which of the following is a consideration that favors get a product?B. Multiple source policy9. Which of the following is not one of the conditions demanding negotiation?C. Market must consist of adequate number of sellers.

Concepts and Strategies of Brand Management

Concepts and Strategies of dirt ManagementABSTRACT suckered harvests ro physical exercise be seen e actu in allywhere around us at all judgment of conviction, and is a direction of intercourse for the procureer of the ingathering. scrape influencement leave play a ofttimes prodigious comp angiotensin-converting enzyment serving in future merchandising competition, so research on the crack trouble is likely to sour more(prenominal) meaningful and interesting. sign focal point stern unfeignedly create re honour like increasing more adaptability, uniqueness, recognition etc. only when in all, instigant perplexity is significant and can add prise to firms. The project discusses all around deciding and evaluating place plant name. the logo and colour of the smear play an important fiber in attracting the consumers. Moreover by and by deciding the check intoing name, it is mandatory to register the name at dispensemark adaptation office. All this p rocess is followed by launching or re-launching the fresh product or the recalled product wonderively. Moreover companies run through with(predicate) realised that the role of the company does non got over by mere launching the blemish provided they lead to do round-the-clock selling to sustain in the matched market. Over period of time, the value of product decline due to some a nonher(prenominal) factors and companies puzzle to work on the revitalizing the trade name physical body and thus leads to supremacy of the product. The stigmatize name is thus nonp aril of the al closely powerful sources of individualityCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION TO trademarkA mug for a company is like a reputation for a person. You earn reputation by move to do hard things good. is a well said verse by Jeffrey Preston Bezos, the President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the board of Amazon.comBRANDA tick is a name or trademark connected with a product or producer. mails obl ige become increasingly important comp unrivalednts of culture and the economy, now being dscribed as cultural accessories and ain philosophies.According to the American Marketing Association (AMA), sword is a name, term, sign, symbolization, or design, or a combination of them, intended to secernate the sobers and serves of nonpareil trafficker or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition. Technically speaking, whenever a marketer creates a advanced name, logo, or symbol for a new product or service, he or she has created a nock.Now the question still is not clear ab verboten what all grade is about so we can tell that grade is a pledge, blemish is and associated check and everyone and everything is defect.A BRAND IS A PROMISEFirst and foremost, a mail is a expect. It says you crawl in the name, you can trust the promise. As all promises, it is trusted only as far as those promises atomic number 18 met. Trust is a full of life firs t tonicity and filths aim to accelerate that graduation by leveraging the implied promise of the brand.A BRAND IS AN ASSOCIATED IMAGEMost brands have a logo which acts as a in compact-cut to remind us of the brand promise. The logo intentions color, shape, garner and images to create a distinctive image that is designed both to catch our eye and to guide our thoughts in the right direction. The brand whitethorn also be associated with tunes, celebrities, catchphrases and so on.All parts of the brand image works as a psychological installation or stimulus that causes an tie-up to all separate thoughts we have about the brand.EVERYTHING AND EVERYONE IS A BRANDIf you get down to the detail, everything is a brand, because we build our understanding of the ground by creating associations about everything. A tree has an implied promise of beauty and shade. Even words atomic number 18 brands. When I say speed, you will conjure up images of fast-flying cars, etc.People be bran ds, too. When people see you, or even hear your name, they will recall the image they have of you, (which is something you can actively manage or let happen). In a company where people ar visible to guests, such as a service billet, the people atomic number 18 very much a part the brand.The brand name is thus one of the most powerful sources of identity. When a brand questions its identity, the best answer is therefore to soundly examine its name and so try to understand the reasoning behind its creation. In doing so, we can discover the brands intentions and programme. Many brands support every effort to contain qualities which their brand name fails to theorize or simply excludes altogether. A name-like an identity-has to be managed. Certain call may have a double meaning. The mark of communication then is to select one and drop the other.IMPORTANCE OF BRANDBranding is a very powerful component in buisness. The brand moldiness(prenominal) have a logo to make stigmatis ation easier and more possible. The consumers decide if they will buy a product or use a service ground on how they view the brand. The brand itself tells us or let us imagine how good ir bad the product is even we never tasted it before. All that brand promotion and advertizing really do tell us how great a brand can be (like Nike). Once the customer likes your brand he/she will unquestionably come back for the repeated services or pproducts. The qualities of the product or services ar ensured through the mind of customers from the image of the brand.Therefore, Brand is not only convinient for buisness for repeated customer corrupt moreover also easier for customers to filter out the countless generic items. Brand gives consumer the reason to buy it and wastes less time for customer to choose a particular product or service.TYPES OF BRANDThere atomic number 18 ii main types of brand manufacturing business brands and own-label brands.MANUFACTURER BRANDSManufacturer brands ar e created by producers and bear their chosen brand name. The producer is responsible for selling the brand. The brand is owned by the producer.By building their brand names, manufacturers can fall upon widespread distri exclusivelyion (for example by retailers who want to sell the brand) and build customer loyalty (think about the manufacturer brands that you touch sensation loyal to).OWN sound out BRANDSOwn-label brands are created and owned by businesses that operate in the distri notwithstandingion channel often referred to as distributors.Often these distributors are retailers, but not exclusively. Sometimes the retailers good product range will be own-label. However, more often, the distributor will mix own-label and manufacturers brands.Own-label stigmatisation if well carried out can often offer the consumer minute value for money and provide the distributor with rundownal bar infering power when it comes to negotiating prices and terms with manufacturer brandsBRA ND EQUITYBrand honor refers to the value of a brand. Brand equity is based on the extent to which the brand has high brand loyalty, name awareness, perceived shade and powerful product associations. Brand equity also includes other intangible assets such as patents, trademarks and channel relationships.The list below shows the worlds top 10 brands in 2002 (as mensurable by value) Rank Brand Value ($ billions)Coca-Cola..($69.6)Microsoft.($64.1)IBM($51.2)GE..($41.3)Intel.($30.9)Nokia.($30.0)Disney($29.3)McDonalds..($26.4)Marlboro..($24.2)Mercedes.($21.0)Source Interbrand JP Morgan Chase, 2002CHAPTER 2THE BRAND SOURCE OF VALUE FOR THE CONSUMERThe brand is a focal point for all the positively the bootd and negative impression created by buyer over time as he comes in contact with the brands product, distribution channel, personnel and communication. A brand continues to be, at least in the short term, a good example for quality even after the patent has expired. The life of paten t is extented, thanks to brans, thus explaining the richness of branding in the pharmaceutic or the chemical industry. The brand performs an economic mesh in consumers mind and thus has a lasting and memorable achievement on the companys activities.Legally a brand is simply a symbol which distinguishes a companys product and certifies its pedigree and thus obtains its value through adaption and conformity. The value of brand comes from its ability to dispatch an exclusive, positive and prominent meaning in the minds of a large number of consumers. The tangible and intangible pull aheads which are derived from the consumption of a product of a brand are encapsulated in the wet brand. When a brand is created at first it is worth nothing. Over the time the logo acquires meaning by means of advertising. advertizing are forgotten quickly whereas a brand stays in memory along with the implications which are attached to it by public. The brand is thus stocked in the mind of poten tial consumers. Hence, brand can be considered as an asset of the company.ADVANTAGES OF STRONG BRANDGreater scholarship of product or service performance.Greater marketing communication resultantivenessGreater customer retention and loyaltyMore appreciative consumer response on price affix or decreaseHas very high awarenessReceives a lot of free publicity/buzzIs admired and has high purchase intentEnables the owner to charge a price premiumResults in increased market share, curiously for the target customersProvides increased bargaining power with business partnersProvides a platform for growth beyond the current products and product categoriesHelps attract and retain talented employeesHelps the management team align employees in support of the brands promiseOften provides clarity for budgeting and ceiling investment decisionIncreases an organizations sales, profit margins, stock price and market valuationLarger marginLess vulnerability to competitive marketing action and mark eting crisisGreater trade cooperation and supportPossible licensing and franchising opportunitiesGreater brand extension opportunitiesROLE OF BRAND IN PRODUCT film The product can be characterized into three types The qualities which are noticed by contact, before purchase.Eg. Decision to buy a pair of socks. The choice is made correspond to the visible characteristics i.e the pattern, the style, the material, the honorariuml, the elasticity and the price.The qualities which are noticed uniquely by experience, thus after buying.Eg. Automobile market. The performance, consumption and style can be assessed before buying the car but road-holding, the recreation of driving, reliability and quality cannot be entirely appreciated through test pressure.Credence qualities which cannot be verified even after consumption and which you have to pull away on trust.Eg. In the market for upmarket car, the feeling that we have made it, that certain feeling of live up tolment and personal su ccess through buying and owe a BMW are typically the results of pure faith.Hence the role of brand is made clearer by this classification of wanted qualities. The brand is a sign whose function is to disclose the hidden qualities of the product which are inaccessible to contact (sight, touch, hearing, smell) and possibly those which are accessible through experience but where the consumer does not want to lift out the risk of trying the product. As we can see, a brand provides not only a source of culture but performs certain other functions which free its attractiveness and its monetary return when it is valued by buyers.FUNCTIONS OF BRAND FOR CONSUMERThe eight function of brand are presented in the accede given below. The first deuce are mechanical and concern the essence of the brand i.e to function as a recognized symbol in nightclub to facilitate choice and to gain time. The following three functions reduce the perceived risk. The last three have a more pleasurable side t o them morals show that the buyers are expecting, more and more, responsible behavior from their brands.FUNCTIONCONSUMER BENEFITIdentificationTo be clearly seen, to make sense of the offer, to quickly identify the sought-after products.PracticalityTo allow saving of time and energy through identical repurchasing and loyalty.GuaranteeTo be sure of conclusion the same quality no matter where or when you buy the product or service.OptimizationTo be sure of buying the best product in its category, the best performer for the particular purpose.CharacterizationTo have confirmation of your self-image or the image that you present to others.Continuity enjoyment brought about through familiarity and intimacy with the brand that you have been consuming for years.HedonisticSatisfaction cogitate to the attractiveness of the brand, to its logo, to its communication.EthicalSatisfaction linked to the responsible behavior of the brand in its relationship with society.Table The function of the b rand for the consumer.Hence we can say that brand plays an important role in the company. The brand of a company is created by the company and its customers together. The company has to make clear through its brand the promise it makes to its customers, based on the strategies and view for the future of its business and products. It is vital that the company fully comprehends exactly what the customers expect from the brand, and that it continually lives up to this expectations.The aim of brand management is to create a brand that will build this long-term relationship an unshakeable bond between the company and its customers. Brand management involves the design and implementation of marketing programs and activities to build, measure, and manage brand equity.1 These concepts and techniques are to improve the long-term profitability of the brand strategies.CHAPTER 3BRAND MANAGEMENTBrand management is the activity of marketing techniques to a particular(prenominal) product, pr oduct line, or brand. It seeks to increase the products perceived value to the customer and thereby increase brand franchise and brand equity.Brand management is a dynamic and a continuous process that needs consistent investment of time and money. The boardroom must ensure that brand management is allocated a specific budget as it is much more than mere marketing communications. Due to the intangible nature of branding, the results may not accrue in a short period of time a it takes time and reinforcement to build customer loyalty.Brand management is all about the total approach says about shaping the brand and control its management by the leaders of the company. Once the approach is finalised than create the promise by describing all about the product followed by devising the promise by doing marketing of the product and inject the information about the product into the mind of consumer. Lastly it is important to keep the promise, what you have made during the marketing of the p roduct.TOTAL APPROACHBrand management starts with understanding what brand really means. This starts with the leaders of the company who define the brand and control its management. It also reaches all the way down the company and e surplusly to the people who interface with customers or who create the products which customers use. Brand management performed to its full extent means starting and ending the management of the whole company through the brand. It is simply far too important to leave to the marketing department.CREATING THE PROMISECreating the promise means defining the brand. A good brand promise is memorable and desirable. It cannot be effective if nobody remembers it, and is no good either if nobody wants it. A good brand promise evokes feelings, because feelings drive actions. The promise must be unique and identified with you alone. The right promise comes through a slurred understanding of the marketplace and the customers who are going to use the product. It also comes from a deep understanding of the capabilities and motivations of the people in the company.MAKING THE PROMISEOnce the promise is created, the next step is to somehow inject it into the minds of the customers, the stave and everyone who receives anything from you or has any equal on what you deliver. This is where marketing people come into their own. Although it is still not their sole preserve, a large part of marketing, which includes advertising and PR, is about positioning the company and its products in the minds of customers and against your competitors.KEEPING THE PROMISECreating and making the right promise is one thing, but then you have to keep it. If you do not, you brand will still exist, but now the promise will be of slipshod products and inconsistent delivery. Keeping promises means managing capability. It means consistent processes that are undetermined of delivering what is required. It means technology and systems which are reliable and usable. It means mo tivated people who are willing and able to deliver the goods.Marketers see a brand as an implied promise that the level of quality people have come to expect from a brand will continue with future purchases of the same product. This may increase sales by making a comparison with competing products favourable. It may also enable the manufacturer to charge more for the product. The value of the brand is determined by the amount of profit it generates for the manufacturer.Brand management includes the trademark enrolment of the brand, brand survival and military rating, launching a brand sustaining a brand, brand extension.The trademark registration in India follows the trademark registration procedures and specific laws.CHAPTER 4BRAND SELECTION AND EVALUATIONIn the next five years, we will see a rapidly changing landscape across the creation, where the opportunities for businesses to benefit from corporate and product branding efforts will be larger than ever before.The growing emphasis on branding will move up the boardroom agenda and it is strongly believed that branding will become one of the most prominent drivers of value across the globe in the next two decades. Businesses with a sustainable business model and with a visionary and passionate CEO with branding talent will benefit from the rising opportunities for competing in the new(a) marketplace and potentially taking on the global scene. It needs to be no less than the CEO who embodies the branding efforts and serves as the companys and thereby the brands primary counseling and nurturer. The approach is particularly well suited to companies whose top executives have a passion and talent for brand scheme, but in tomorrows tough environment all top-executives must be able to represent and lead the brand. The top executives of world class companies are directly involved in leading the branding vision, strategy and implementation, and spend a significant amount of their work hours to drive their b rands forward and to achieve even better results.Tomorrows CEO must be a brand champion who leads corporate and product branding strategies, all strategic brand-portfolio decisions and constantly monitors the implementation of the brand locally, regionally and globally. A strong CEO has credibility and respect not only because of business talent and organizational power but also because of the depth of experience, knowledge, and insight. A suggestion from a visionary CEO with branding talent and managerial experience in branding and marketing is the key driver of the branding efforts and results in any victorious organization internally and externally.The selection and evaluation of a product or service name is one of the brand name components. We know that It ensures legal apology of certain product or service characteristics, which prevents competition from copying themIt allows producers and salesmen to obtain a loyal and profitable consumer groupIt allows easier adjustment to segmented markets as the companies are able to function on the principle of one brand name one segmentIt allows the company image to be establishedIt allows a association with the desired product or service positionIt makes the product attractive for the consumerIt creates unlike advantages and exclusiveness for the product or serviceMETHODS USED TO CHOOSE A PRODUCT NAME skillful as parents carefully choose names for their children, companies have the same difficult and extremely responsible task for naming products.They get hold of qualitative research by which we can measure out the relation to the product, its use, the product image and its comparison to competition. They organize brainstorming meetings from which we get an enormous amount of suggestions for the new names. They offer a range of mountains associates with associations which relates to the product or individual names.they form a base for name suggestions. They apply eureka method helping with various literatu re, computer scattering of letters and creating new names. They test the name suggestion in target groups.PROCESS OF SELECTING AND EVALUATING BRAND NAMESThe process of selecting and evaluating brand names runs according to the following step Identification of goals and criteria for brand name.Creating bank namesSelection of suggestionEvaluating the consumerEvaluating legal protectionFinal name decisionappellation OF GOALS AND CRITERIA FOR BRAND NAMEThe grounding for a targeted search of a suitable name is determining the starting points, which means criteria that are expressed by a suitable name. Apart from superior general ones such as easy to remember, popularity, easy pronunciation etc. it is inwrought to determine specific ones that derive from the desired brand name position which will carry such a name.CREATING BANK NAMESIn creating bank names it is important to rely on many sources. In this way we are able to rely on many sources. In this way we are able to avoid fixation s on only one idea which narrows the creative process. The purpose of this phase is to obtain various suggestions according to the pre determined starting points.SELECTION OF SUGGESTIONThe next level in finding a suitable name is the selection of suggestion which have been made. A qualified team of experts that consists of many different people does the selection. The selection is finished when 8-12 suggestions that the most correspond to the expert teams mentation have been chosen.EVALUATING THE CONSUMERWhen a qualified team of experts make its suggestion, the most suitable bank name in their opinion, it is important to evaluate them in target groups. This must be done, because the name of the brand will be given to a product or service which will fulfil the needs of certain groups of people. The chosen name must be likeable and suitable for this group of people.EVALUATING LEGAL PROTECTIONBefore the final decision of the most suitable suggestion it is essential to check whether th e client can register the name of the brand. In most cases the client or the holder of the brands name can do this before the examen of consumer suggestions.FINAL NAME DECISIONThe final decision on the chosen name depends on the client, who must consider not only the outcome of the evaluation by target consumer groups but also the position he wishes the product to have.After selecting the brand name the important things on which we should focus is its character, its visual symbol and logotypes, its colour, geo intenseal and historical roots.BRAND CHARACTEROne of the most important assets of an go-ahead is the brand. The character of the brand is a critical success factor for the enterprise (and for the value of the brand). Character can be seen in terms of the attention, affection and trust awarded to the brand by the market.For a brand to have character, it needs to have positive public awareness. It also needs to have clarity, and a consistent brand proposition. This means that customers know what to expect from the brand in terms of product quality, customer service and so on. It also means that people supporting the brand (whether your own staff or ternion parties) know how to deliver the brand proposition.VISUAL SYMBOLS AND LOGOTYPESEverybody knows Nikes dash, Adidas three stripes, Nestls nest, Amuls girl. These symbols help us to understand the brands culture and personality. They are actually chosen as such, the corporate specifications handed over to graphic identity and design agencies mainly pertain to the brands personality traits and values. Logo should besimpledistinctiveintuitiveCOLOUR psychological science AND BRANDColour is one of the most important components in creating brand identity. The purpose of a brand identity system is to encode a brand in peoples memory and call up it from their memory. In a visual system, the two most powerful components are the consistent recognizable shapes and colours. It is best if these shapes and colours a re distinctive. Colour can have a significant affect on peoples perception of a product or brand. For instance, burgundy and forest green are perceived to be upscale eon an orange label or package indicates an inexpensive item.Third, colours can actually have an affect on a persons state of mind and cognitive ability as demonstrated by numerous research studies. For instance, pink has been shown to increase a persons appetite and calm prison house inmates. Be aware that colors can have different symbolic meanings in different countries and cultures.BRAND NAMEThe importance of an image has become an excited part of everyone. A brand name represents the image, character and personality of a brand. A brand name should be clear, lucid, easy to remember, distinct from the competition and should not be generic to the category. It should become customers Top of the mind brand (TOMB). Most successful brand names would satisfy these criterions to quite an extent. Brand names that are linke d to associations of their origins or product will create first impressions to the user.BRAND IMAGEThe vast flow of names today makes it harder to differentiate them unless they come out with their own uniqueness. This way, they could come to their special position in everyday life. The image following a particular name is also determined by the role of communication it undergoes of which the followings are include its manner, personality, behavior, ethics, values, etc. The importance of brands depends on the true ambitions of the company.It is important to take into account several factors and market circumstances before finalizing the brand name and its image. Company should take into account several factors and market circumstances like company goals, consumer wishes and expectations, trade groups and several other groups. A company builds its brand image through trade communication with its consumers. That is how a company informs the consumer of what the brand represents, what its values are, what the company is offering or guaranteeing the consumer, what its advantages are, its qualities etc. The consumers interpret all obtained information and form a subjective perception of the brand or its image.CHAPTER 5TRADEMARK REGISTRATIONLEGISLATION (INDIA TRADEMARK LAW) The Indian law of trademarks is enshrined the new wiliness Marks Act, 1999 came into force with effect from September 15, 2003. The old Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 was repealed at the same time. The new Trademarks Act of 1999 is in line with the manhood Trade Organisation recommendations and is in conformity with the TRIPS Agreement to which India is a signatory.MAIN FEATURES OF NEW LEGISLATION IN INDIAUnder the new Trademarks Act of 1999 fitting of helping Marks allowed in addition to Trademarks for goods.No separate application necessary for each category/class of goods or services a single application would do, however filing fee will be charged separately for each class of good s/services.The term of registration of trademark is ten years, subject to rehabilitation thereafterThe system of maintaining registration of trademark in Part A and Part B with different legal rights, dispensed away.Registration of trademarks which are imitations of well known trademarks not permitted.Registration of Collective Marks owned by associations allowed.Offences relating to trademark made cognizable.Filing Fees enhanced by more than 8 times. attachment of application of convention countries.WHAT IS A TRADEMARK ?A Mark may consist of a word or invented word, signature, device, letter, numeral, brand, heading, label, name written in a particular style, the shape of goods other than those for which a mark is proposed to be used, or any combination thereof or a combination of colors and so forth. Subject to certain conditions, a trademark may also be symbolized by the name of a person, living or dead.For the purpose of registration, a mark chosen should be fitted of distingui shing goods or services of one person from those of the others. Further it should not be deceptively similar to an existing mark of other person and not the one expressly prohibited under the Act.The marks devoid of any distinctive character, or which are only indicative of the kind, quality, quantity, purpose, value or geographical origin of the goods, or which are marks already in vogue in the trade due to their customary use may not be registered. exclusively these disqualifications do not apply to marks, which have already acquired distinction due to their popularity and consistent use. Internationally acclaimed brand names are freely available for use in IndiConcepts and Strategies of Brand ManagementConcepts and Strategies of Brand ManagementABSTRACTBranded products can be seen everywhere around us at all time, and is a way of communication for the buyer of the product. Brand management will play a more significant role in future marketing competition, so research on the bra nd management is likely to become more meaningful and interesting. Brand management can really create value like increasing more adaptability, uniqueness, recognition etc. All in all, brand management is significant and can add value to firms. The project discusses all about deciding and evaluating brand name. the logo and colour of the brand play an important role in attracting the consumers. Moreover after deciding the brand name, it is mandatory to register the name at trademark registration office. All this process is followed by launching or re-launching the new product or the recalled product respectively. Moreover companies have realised that the role of the company does not got over by mere launching the brand but they have to do continuous marketing to sustain in the competitive market. Over period of time, the value of product decline due to many factors and companies have to work on the revitalizing the brand image and thus leads to success of the product. The brand name is thus one of the most powerful sources of identityCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION TO BRANDA brand for a company is like a reputation for a person. You earn reputation by trying to do hard things well. is a well said verse by Jeffrey Preston Bezos, the President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the board of Amazon.comBRANDA brand is a name or trademark connected with a product or producer. Brands have become increasingly important components of culture and the economy, now being dscribed as cultural accessories and personal philosophies.According to the American Marketing Association (AMA), brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition. Technically speaking, whenever a marketer creates a new name, logo, or symbol for a new product or service, he or she has created a brand.Now the question still is not clear about what all brand is about so we can say that brand is a promise, brand is and associated image and everyone and everything is brand.A BRAND IS A PROMISEFirst and foremost, a brand is a promise. It says you know the name, you can trust the promise. As all promises, it is trusted only as far as those promises are met. Trust is a critical first step and brands aim to accelerate that step by leveraging the implied promise of the brand.A BRAND IS AN ASSOCIATED IMAGEMost brands have a logo which acts as a short-cut to remind us of the brand promise. The logo uses color, shape, letters and images to create a distinctive image that is designed both to catch our eye and to guide our thoughts in the right direction. The brand may also be associated with tunes, celebrities, catchphrases and so on.All parts of the brand image works as a psychological trigger or stimulus that causes an association to all other thoughts we have about the brand.EVERYTHING AND EVERYONE IS A BRANDIf you get down to the detail, ever ything is a brand, because we build our understanding of the world by creating associations about everything. A tree has an implied promise of beauty and shade. Even words are brands. When I say speed, you will conjure up images of fast cars, etc.People are brands, too. When people see you, or even hear your name, they will recall the image they have of you, (which is something you can actively manage or let happen). In a company where people are visible to customers, such as a service business, the people are very much a part the brand.The brand name is thus one of the most powerful sources of identity. When a brand questions its identity, the best answer is therefore to thoroughly examine its name and so try to understand the reasoning behind its creation. In doing so, we can discover the brands intentions and programme. Many brands make every effort to acquit qualities which their brand name fails to reflect or simply excludes altogether. A name-like an identity-has to be managed . Certain names may have a double meaning. The purpose of communication then is to select one and drop the other.IMPORTANCE OF BRANDBranding is a very powerful component in buisness. The brand must have a logo to make branding easier and more possible. The consumers decide if they will buy a product or use a service based on how they view the brand. The brand itself tells us or let us imagine how good ir bad the product is even we never tasted it before. All that brand promotion and advertising really do tell us how great a brand can be (like Nike). Once the customer likes your brand he/she will definitely come back for the repeated services or pproducts. The qualities of the product or services are ensured through the mind of customers from the image of the brand.Therefore, Brand is not only convinient for buisness for repeated customer purchase but also easier for customers to filter out the countless generic items. Brand gives consumer the reason to buy it and wastes less time fo r customer to choose a particular product or service.TYPES OF BRANDThere are two main types of brand manufacturer brands and own-label brands.MANUFACTURER BRANDSManufacturer brands are created by producers and bear their chosen brand name. The producer is responsible for marketing the brand. The brand is owned by the producer.By building their brand names, manufacturers can gain widespread distribution (for example by retailers who want to sell the brand) and build customer loyalty (think about the manufacturer brands that you feel loyal to).OWN LABEL BRANDSOwn-label brands are created and owned by businesses that operate in the distribution channel often referred to as distributors.Often these distributors are retailers, but not exclusively. Sometimes the retailers entire product range will be own-label. However, more often, the distributor will mix own-label and manufacturers brands.Own-label branding if well carried out can often offer the consumer excellent value for money a nd provide the distributor with additional bargaining power when it comes to negotiating prices and terms with manufacturer brandsBRAND EQUITYBrand equity refers to the value of a brand. Brand equity is based on the extent to which the brand has high brand loyalty, name awareness, perceived quality and strong product associations. Brand equity also includes other intangible assets such as patents, trademarks and channel relationships.The list below shows the worlds top 10 brands in 2002 (as measured by value) Rank Brand Value ($ billions)Coca-Cola..($69.6)Microsoft.($64.1)IBM($51.2)GE..($41.3)Intel.($30.9)Nokia.($30.0)Disney($29.3)McDonalds..($26.4)Marlboro..($24.2)Mercedes.($21.0)Source Interbrand JP Morgan Chase, 2002CHAPTER 2THE BRAND SOURCE OF VALUE FOR THE CONSUMERThe brand is a focal point for all the positive and negative impression created by buyer over time as he comes in contact with the brands product, distribution channel, personnel and communication. A brand continues to be, at least in the short term, a good example for quality even after the patent has expired. The life of patent is extented, thanks to brans, thus explaining the importance of branding in the pharmaceutical or the chemical industry. The brand performs an economic function in consumers mind and thus has a lasting and memorable effect on the companys activities.Legally a brand is simply a symbol which distinguishes a companys product and certifies its origin and thus obtains its value through registration and conformity. The value of brand comes from its ability to gain an exclusive, positive and prominent meaning in the minds of a large number of consumers. The tangible and intangible benefits which are derived from the consumption of a product of a brand are encapsulated in the strong brand. When a brand is created at first it is worth nothing. Over the time the logo acquires significance by means of advertising. Advertising are forgotten quickly whereas a brand stays in memory along with the implications which are attached to it by public. The brand is thus stocked in the mind of potential consumers. Hence, brand can be considered as an asset of the company.ADVANTAGES OF STRONG BRANDGreater perception of product or service performance.Greater marketing communication effectivenessGreater customer retention and loyaltyMore appreciative consumer response on price increase or decreaseHas very high awarenessReceives a lot of free publicity/buzzIs admired and has high purchase intentEnables the owner to charge a price premiumResults in increased market share, especially for the target customersProvides increased bargaining power with business partnersProvides a platform for growth beyond the current products and product categoriesHelps attract and retain talented employeesHelps the management team align employees in support of the brands promiseOften provides clarity for budgeting and capital investment decisionIncreases an organizations sales, profit margins, stock price and market valuationLarger marginLess vulnerability to competitive marketing action and marketing crisisGreater trade cooperation and supportPossible licensing and franchising opportunitiesGreater brand extension opportunitiesROLE OF BRAND IN PRODUCT CHARACTERIZATION The product can be characterized into three types The qualities which are noticed by contact, before buying.Eg. Decision to buy a pair of socks. The choice is made according to the visible characteristics i.e the pattern, the style, the material, the feel, the elasticity and the price.The qualities which are noticed uniquely by experience, thus after buying.Eg. Automobile market. The performance, consumption and style can be assessed before buying the car but road-holding, the pleasure of driving, reliability and quality cannot be entirely appreciated through test drive.Credence qualities which cannot be verified even after consumption and which you have to take on trust.Eg. In the market for upmarket car, the feeling that we have made it, that certain feeling of fulfillment and personal success through buying and owing a BMW are typically the results of pure faith.Hence the role of brand is made clearer by this classification of sought-after qualities. The brand is a sign whose function is to disclose the hidden qualities of the product which are inaccessible to contact (sight, touch, hearing, smell) and possibly those which are accessible through experience but where the consumer does not want to take the risk of trying the product. As we can see, a brand provides not only a source of information but performs certain other functions which justify its attractiveness and its monetary return when it is valued by buyers.FUNCTIONS OF BRAND FOR CONSUMERThe eight function of brand are presented in the table given below. The first two are mechanical and concern the essence of the brand i.e to function as a recognized symbol in order to facilitate choice and to gain time. The following three functions reduce the perceived risk. The last three have a more pleasurable side to them ethics show that the buyers are expecting, more and more, responsible behavior from their brands.FUNCTIONCONSUMER BENEFITIdentificationTo be clearly seen, to make sense of the offer, to quickly identify the sought-after products.PracticalityTo allow saving of time and energy through identical repurchasing and loyalty.GuaranteeTo be sure of finding the same quality no matter where or when you buy the product or service.OptimizationTo be sure of buying the best product in its category, the best performer for the particular purpose.CharacterizationTo have confirmation of your self-image or the image that you present to others.ContinuitySatisfaction brought about through familiarity and intimacy with the brand that you have been consuming for years.HedonisticSatisfaction linked to the attractiveness of the brand, to its logo, to its communication.EthicalSatisfaction linked to the responsible behavi or of the brand in its relationship with society.Table The function of the brand for the consumer.Hence we can say that brand plays an important role in the company. The brand of a company is created by the company and its customers together. The company has to make clear through its brand the promise it makes to its customers, based on the strategies and vision for the future of its business and products. It is vital that the company fully comprehends exactly what the customers expect from the brand, and that it continually lives up to this expectations.The aim of brand management is to create a brand that will build this long-term relationship an unshakeable bond between the company and its customers. Brand management involves the design and implementation of marketing programs and activities to build, measure, and manage brand equity.1 These concepts and techniques are to improve the long-term profitability of the brand strategies.CHAPTER 3BRAND MANAGEMENTBrand management is the application of marketing techniques to a specific product, product line, or brand. It seeks to increase the products perceived value to the customer and thereby increase brand franchise and brand equity.Brand management is a dynamic and a continuous process that needs consistent investment of time and money. The boardroom must ensure that brand management is allocated a specific budget as it is much more than mere marketing communications. Due to the intangible nature of branding, the results may not accrue in a short period of time a it takes time and reinforcement to build customer loyalty.Brand management is all about the total approach says about defining the brand and control its management by the leaders of the company. Once the approach is finalised than create the promise by describing all about the product followed by making the promise by doing marketing of the product and inject the information about the product into the mind of consumer. Lastly it is important to kee p the promise, what you have made during the marketing of the product.TOTAL APPROACHBrand management starts with understanding what brand really means. This starts with the leaders of the company who define the brand and control its management. It also reaches all the way down the company and especially to the people who interface with customers or who create the products which customers use. Brand management performed to its full extent means starting and ending the management of the whole company through the brand. It is simply far too important to leave to the marketing department.CREATING THE PROMISECreating the promise means defining the brand. A good brand promise is memorable and desirable. It cannot be effective if nobody remembers it, and is no good either if nobody wants it. A good brand promise evokes feelings, because feelings drive actions. The promise must be unique and identified with you alone. The right promise comes through a deep understanding of the marketplace a nd the customers who are going to use the product. It also comes from a deep understanding of the capabilities and motivations of the people in the company.MAKING THE PROMISEOnce the promise is created, the next step is to somehow inject it into the minds of the customers, the staff and everyone who receives anything from you or has any impact on what you deliver. This is where marketing people come into their own. Although it is still not their sole preserve, a large part of marketing, which includes advertising and PR, is about positioning the company and its products in the minds of customers and against your competitors.KEEPING THE PROMISECreating and making the right promise is one thing, but then you have to keep it. If you do not, you brand will still exist, but now the promise will be of slipshod products and inconsistent delivery. Keeping promises means managing capability. It means consistent processes that are capable of delivering what is required. It means technology an d systems which are reliable and usable. It means motivated people who are willing and able to deliver the goods.Marketers see a brand as an implied promise that the level of quality people have come to expect from a brand will continue with future purchases of the same product. This may increase sales by making a comparison with competing products favourable. It may also enable the manufacturer to charge more for the product. The value of the brand is determined by the amount of profit it generates for the manufacturer.Brand management includes the trademark registration of the brand, brand selection and evaluation, launching a brand sustaining a brand, brand extension.The trademark registration in India follows the trademark registration procedures and specific laws.CHAPTER 4BRAND SELECTION AND EVALUATIONIn the next five years, we will see a rapidly changing landscape across the globe, where the opportunities for businesses to benefit from corporate and product branding efforts w ill be larger than ever before.The growing emphasis on branding will move up the boardroom agenda and it is strongly believed that branding will become one of the most prominent drivers of value across the globe in the next two decades. Businesses with a sustainable business model and with a visionary and passionate CEO with branding talent will benefit from the rising opportunities for competing in the modern marketplace and potentially taking on the global scene. It needs to be no less than the CEO who embodies the branding efforts and serves as the companys and thereby the brands primary advocate and nurturer. The approach is particularly well suited to companies whose top executives have a passion and talent for brand strategy, but in tomorrows tough environment all top-executives must be able to represent and lead the brand. The top executives of world class companies are directly involved in leading the branding vision, strategy and implementation, and spend a significant amou nt of their work hours to drive their brands forward and to achieve even better results.Tomorrows CEO must be a brand champion who leads corporate and product branding strategies, all strategic brand-portfolio decisions and constantly monitors the implementation of the brand locally, regionally and globally. A strong CEO has credibility and respect not only because of business talent and organizational power but also because of the depth of experience, knowledge, and insight. A suggestion from a visionary CEO with branding talent and managerial experience in branding and marketing is the key driver of the branding efforts and results in any successful organization internally and externally.The selection and evaluation of a product or service name is one of the brand name components. We know that It ensures legal protection of certain product or service characteristics, which prevents competition from copying themIt allows producers and salesmen to obtain a loyal and profitable cons umer groupIt allows easier adjustment to segmented markets as the companies are able to function on the principle of one brand name one segmentIt allows the company image to be establishedIt allows a connection with the desired product or service positionIt makes the product attractive for the consumerIt creates various advantages and exclusiveness for the product or serviceMETHODS USED TO CHOOSE A PRODUCT NAMEJust as parents carefully choose names for their children, companies have the same difficult and extremely responsible task for naming products.They conduct qualitative research by which we can evaluate the relation to the product, its use, the product image and its comparison to competition. They organize brainstorming meetings from which we get an enormous amount of suggestions for the new names. They offer a chain associates with associations which relates to the product or individual names.they form a base for name suggestions. They apply eureka method helping with variou s literature, computer scattering of letters and creating new names. They test the name suggestion in target groups.PROCESS OF SELECTING AND EVALUATING BRAND NAMESThe process of selecting and evaluating brand names runs according to the following steps Identification of goals and criteria for brand name.Creating bank namesSelection of suggestionEvaluating the consumerEvaluating legal protectionFinal name decisionIDENTIFICATION OF GOALS AND CRITERIA FOR BRAND NAMEThe basis for a targeted search of a suitable name is determining the starting points, which means criteria that are expressed by a suitable name. Apart from general ones such as easy to remember, popularity, easy pronunciation etc. it is essential to determine specific ones that derive from the desired brand name position which will carry such a name.CREATING BANK NAMESIn creating bank names it is important to rely on many sources. In this way we are able to rely on many sources. In this way we are able to avoid fixations o n only one idea which narrows the creative process. The purpose of this phase is to obtain various suggestions according to the pre determined starting points.SELECTION OF SUGGESTIONThe next level in finding a suitable name is the selection of suggestion which have been made. A qualified team of experts that consists of many different people does the selection. The selection is finished when 8-12 suggestions that the most correspond to the expert teams opinion have been chosen.EVALUATING THE CONSUMERWhen a qualified team of experts make its suggestion, the most suitable bank name in their opinion, it is important to evaluate them in target groups. This must be done, because the name of the brand will be given to a product or service which will fulfil the needs of certain groups of people. The chosen name must be likeable and suitable for this group of people.EVALUATING LEGAL PROTECTIONBefore the final decision of the most suitable suggestion it is essential to check whether the clie nt can register the name of the brand. In most cases the client or the holder of the brands name can do this before the testing of consumer suggestions.FINAL NAME DECISIONThe final decision on the chosen name depends on the client, who must consider not only the outcome of the evaluation by target consumer groups but also the position he wishes the product to have.After selecting the brand name the important things on which we should focus is its character, its visual symbol and logotypes, its colour, geographical and historical roots.BRAND CHARACTEROne of the most important assets of an enterprise is the brand. The character of the brand is a critical success factor for the enterprise (and for the value of the brand). Character can be seen in terms of the attention, affection and trust awarded to the brand by the market.For a brand to have character, it needs to have positive public awareness. It also needs to have clarity, and a consistent brand proposition. This means that custom ers know what to expect from the brand in terms of product quality, customer service and so on. It also means that people supporting the brand (whether your own staff or third parties) know how to deliver the brand proposition.VISUAL SYMBOLS AND LOGOTYPESEverybody knows Nikes dash, Adidas three stripes, Nestls nest, Amuls girl. These symbols help us to understand the brands culture and personality. They are actually chosen as such, the corporate specifications handed over to graphic identity and design agencies mainly pertain to the brands personality traits and values. Logo should besimpledistinctiveintuitiveCOLOUR PSYCHOLOGY AND BRANDColour is one of the most important components in creating brand identity. The purpose of a brand identity system is to encode a brand in peoples memory and retrieve it from their memory. In a visual system, the two most powerful components are the consistent recognizable shapes and colours. It is best if these shapes and colours are distinctive. Colo ur can have a significant affect on peoples perception of a product or brand. For instance, burgundy and forest green are perceived to be upscale while an orange label or package indicates an inexpensive item.Third, colours can actually have an affect on a persons state of mind and cognitive ability as demonstrated by numerous research studies. For instance, pink has been shown to increase a persons appetite and calm prison inmates. Be aware that colors can have different symbolic meanings in different countries and cultures.BRAND NAMEThe importance of an image has become an emotional part of everyone. A brand name represents the image, character and personality of a brand. A brand name should be clear, lucid, easy to remember, distinct from the competition and should not be generic to the category. It should become customers Top of the mind brand (TOMB). Most successful brand names would satisfy these criterions to quite an extent. Brand names that are linked to associations of the ir origins or product will create first impressions to the user.BRAND IMAGEThe vast flow of names today makes it harder to differentiate them unless they come out with their own uniqueness. This way, they could come to their special position in everyday life. The image following a particular name is also determined by the role of communication it undergoes of which the followings are included its manner, personality, behavior, ethics, values, etc. The importance of brands depends on the true ambitions of the company.It is important to take into account several factors and market circumstances before finalizing the brand name and its image. Company should take into account several factors and market circumstances like company goals, consumer wishes and expectations, trade groups and several other groups. A company builds its brand image through trade communication with its consumers. That is how a company informs the consumer of what the brand represents, what its values are, what th e company is offering or guaranteeing the consumer, what its advantages are, its qualities etc. The consumers interpret all obtained information and form a subjective perception of the brand or its image.CHAPTER 5TRADEMARK REGISTRATIONLEGISLATION (INDIA TRADEMARK LAW) The Indian law of trademarks is enshrined the new Trade Marks Act, 1999 came into force with effect from September 15, 2003. The old Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 was repealed at the same time. The new Trademarks Act of 1999 is in line with the World Trade Organisation recommendations and is in conformity with the TRIPS Agreement to which India is a signatory.MAIN FEATURES OF NEW LEGISLATION IN INDIAUnder the new Trademarks Act of 1999Registration of Service Marks allowed in addition to Trademarks for goods.No separate application necessary for each category/class of goods or services a single application would do, however filing fee will be charged separately for each class of goods/services.The term of regis tration of trademark is ten years, subject to renewal thereafterThe system of maintaining registration of trademark in Part A and Part B with different legal rights, dispensed away.Registration of trademarks which are imitations of well known trademarks not permitted.Registration of Collective Marks owned by associations allowed.Offences relating to trademark made cognizable.Filing Fees enhanced by more than 8 times.Extension of application of convention countries.WHAT IS A TRADEMARK ?A Mark may consist of a word or invented word, signature, device, letter, numeral, brand, heading, label, name written in a particular style, the shape of goods other than those for which a mark is proposed to be used, or any combination thereof or a combination of colors and so forth. Subject to certain conditions, a trademark may also be symbolized by the name of a person, living or dead.For the purpose of registration, a mark chosen should be capable of distinguishing goods or services of one person from those of the others. Further it should not be deceptively similar to an existing mark of another person and not the one expressly prohibited under the Act.The marks devoid of any distinctive character, or which are only indicative of the kind, quality, quantity, purpose, value or geographical origin of the goods, or which are marks already in vogue in the trade due to their customary use may not be registered. But these disqualifications do not apply to marks, which have already acquired distinction due to their popularity and consistent use. Internationally acclaimed brand names are freely available for use in Indi