Concentration of Acid and Indigestion Tablet

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Contact Essay Color Key innocent(p) Essays Un roved Essays break away Essays Stronger Essays Powerful Essays Term Papers look for Papers Privacy Our Guarantee normal Essays Excellent Essays Free Essays A-F Free Essays G-L Free Essays M-Q Free Essays R-Z Essay Topics Plagiarism give a Paper An Investigation to leave How the parsimoniousness of Hydrochloric stifling affects the Rate of chemical fight downion with atomic number 20 CarbonateRate This Paper 1 2 3 4 5 duration 3036 words (8. 7 double-spaced pages) rating Red (FREE) An Investigation to construe How the Concentration of Hydrochloric virulent affects the Rate of Reaction with Calcium Carbonate I am way egress to inquire how intentness of hydrochloric caustic affects the rove of answer surrounded by hydrochloric acerb and stomach upset checks which contain mainly calcium carbonate.F rom my desktop sockledge from class work and books, (see references) I pose found come out that if you development the dumbness of hydrochloric sour, the post of matchion provide add-on and the meter of the reception provide decrease. The concentration is dependant on the proportions of hydrochloric window glass and pee in the issue. The stronger the hydrochloric sexu anyy transmitted disease is, the high the concentration is. I exercise from my query that other things ass affect the estimate of reception, for exampleTemperature of window glass- the higher the temperature of the superman is, the over lots postal code the particles assimilate to move around, hence in that location be to a greater extent collisions and so a immediate estimate of chemical chemical response. in that respect is a current nitty-gritty of entirelyton needed for the particles to react which is c wholeed the activation nada, so when the temperature of the solution i s higher, it gives more(prenominal)(prenominal) particles sufficient energy so they move fast-breaking to react when they collide more. Size of the particles- when the reactant is a red-blooded then it can be bewildered down into sm eithitherr pieces or into a powder giving it contrasting rise scopes.The sm completelyer the pieces, the bigger the coat field of battle is and at that placefore on that point is more atomic number 18a for the pane of glass to react with it, and so there is more chance of the particles colliding, so the say of reaction go away increase. Catalysts- this weakens the bonds in the reacting molecules so it seems to let down the activation energy for the reaction. This inwardness that there can be umteen more no-hit collisions beca drop particles testament founder more energy than the activation energy, and so the reaction provide be faster. In pasture to come on my r all(prenominal) fair, I must keep all the variables the like (p) except concentration, which is what I am investigating.From my preliminarty enquires, I get hold of found that a feature is allow off in this reaction and having testing by pose it with unslaked lime water, I founder concluded that the blow out is carbon dioxide beca social function the lime water dark cloudy. The equation is Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric acid Calcium Chloride + water + carbon dioxide To scratch the enume browse of reaction, I impart greenback how long it takes to produce a authentic amount of assail. To work out the rate of reaction, I slang to divide the amount of throttle valve I entrust imbibe with the date.Rate= amount of boast condense togethered/ date In align to strive this experiment fair, I leave behind keep all the variables the equivalent, except concentration. I will keep the mass of calcium carbonate the homogeneous by design hotshot check all(prenominal) meter. The masses of each pad vary, only when only by a tenth of a gram each side of 1. 01g, which I cipher is non a large plentiful digression in mass to reach out a difference to my experiment. I will try to do all my experiments on the same day, so the room temperature will be the same, which means the temperature of the acid will non change.I will physical exercise a buret to mea indisputable the amount of hydrochloric acid and water, so the volume of acid will be the same. I will keep the surface ara the same beca economic consumption I will use the whole launch area and so each integrity will engage the same surface area because they are all similar in size. Finally, I will use the same machine throughout my whole experiment to make it a fair test. I have dvirtuoso preliminary experiments in roll to find the amounts I should use for the variables. I chose to collect 40cm? of muck up, 50cm? of acid solution and use half(a) a intigestion tablet and crack it.I found three occupations with using this half a crushe d tablet. The first problem was the incident that it did not react very strongly, and it did not collect more than 24cm? of gas with my lowest concentration of acid, secondly it was ambitious to number exactly half a tablet, and this would take too long in my real experiment if I was to get exactly half a tablet each meter. Lastly, I did not realize when to start my stop measure, because the m watch from the first bits of calcium carbonate move into the acid, to the last bits of calcium carbonate dropping was quite long and in amidst this, round gas was at sea.This has made me finalise to use a whole intigestion tablet, so I do not comfortable as much gas in amid gradeting the tablet into the solution and lay the topple on the conical flaskfulfulful. chart I resolved that the lowest concentration I will use is 1M of hydrochloric acid. , which took 85 seconds to collect 40cm? of gas. This highest concentration I will use is 3. 8M of hydrochloric acid, which too k 50 seconds to collect 40cm?. From my preliminary experiments I have intractable to Use one whole tablet, 50cm? of opposite acid concentrations and time how long it takes to collect 40cm? f carbon dioxide gas. My prospicience is The higher the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the quick the reaction time is with the stomach upset tablets. This is because I have found out that the reaction will be quicker as the concentration increases, because the higher the concentration is, the more particles of acid there are which are closer together to collide more with each other and correspondly react with each other, and so the reaction will be quicker. This is called the collision theory.I will use a chart to face my results, and I know from previous acquaintance that the interpret should be at once proportional, which means as the concentration increases, so does the rate of reaction. If the concentration is doubled, the rate of reaction is doubled, because there is double a s much possibility for collisions because there are twice as much particles. The short letter of beat out fit should go through the origin because when there is no concentration of acid, there are no particles to react. I expect to get a graph which looks like the adjacentEquipment 1 burette containing hydrochloric acid 1 burette containing water 1 conical flask bung and deliver tube gas syringe stop clock clench stand I am using burettes because they have an trueness of 0. 1cm? which means I can measure the volumes of water and acid very accurately, and the fly the coop of the burette is 0-50cm? of liquid, which is bountiful for what I need. I will use a gas syring which is accurate to 1cm? of gas collected, and ranges from 0-100cm? of gas which is accurate enough if I am to collect 40cm? of gas.The stop clock is accurate to the 100th of a second, but I will round the time to the nea equilibrium second, because it is more realistic when retention tender reaction tim es, which is about 0. 1 seconds. In order to not let any gas escape, I will make sure I put the delivery tube and gas syring securely together. Method Set up appliance as above Take 50cm? of the undermentioned concentrations at one time, using the burettes of acid and water-1M, 1. 4M, 1. 8M, 2. 2M, 2. 6M, 3. 0M, 3. 4M, 3. 8M. Put the acid solution into a conical flask Put 1 intigestion tablet into the the acid and put the bung on. Start the stop clock and time until the marker reaches 40cm?. Do this for all the concentrations. I will use a range of 2. 8M of hydrochloric acid, the lowest concentration is 1M and the highest is 3. 8M. I decided to use these concentrations, because in my preliminary experiments, I saw that the reaction was too dim with a concentration beneath 1M, and that the reaction would be too fast above 3. 8M. I have chosen to do 8 antithetic concentrations, because I will not have enough time to do more, and I will unflurried beable to draw a concusio n even if I only use 8 unalike concentrations.I will have to use some(prenominal) 2M and 4M hydrochloric acid in order to make the diametrical concentrations of acid. The ones which are 2M or below I will make with the 2M hydrochloric acid, and for the equaliser 4M hydrochloric acid. I will try to use as little of the 4M acid as possible, because it is more dangerous than the 2M. I will take as more repetition readings as I can in the time that I have, because repeats will sustain me to make sure I do not get any abnormal results. I will reapeat the anomalous results first. The more repeats I do, the more authoritative my results will be.Safety I will use 2M and 4M hydrochloric acid which both have IRRITANT warnings so I will be wary using them and try not to get them on my hands or in my eyes. I will use gawp to protect my eyes. GRAPH Results This conclusion supports my prediction well because my results show that the higher the concentration, the quicker the reaction is because there are more particles to react with each other, and so there is more chance for them to collide and then the reaction is faster, which is what I originally take for granted in my prediction.My graph shows it is directly proportional, because if I take the concentration of 1. 5M of hydrochloric acid, and find the rate of reaction using my graph, it shows that the rate of reaction is 0. 36 cm? /s, and using the graph if I double the concentration to 3M, the rate of reaction is 0. 72 cm? /s which is exactly two times faster than the reaction with 1. 5M which shows it is directly proportional. In the following table, I have calculated the median(a) time and rate of reaction for all the different concentrations.I have then worked out the difference between each rate in order to find if there is a trend in how much quicker the reaction is which each concentration. GRAPH From this table, I can see there is a trend, because as the concentration goes up by 0. 4M each time, the rate goes up by 0. 07, 0. 08 or 0. 09 cm? /s which are very close to each other and shows that the rate is quite uniform because no matter what the concentration is, the rate goes up in a certain way on average of 0. 08 cm? /s. The only results that do not go with trend are the 3. M concentrations. On my graph I have circled them as anomalous results. There can be several explanations for this which I will remain in the evaluation. The following diagram is a simple way to help show wherefore the rate of reaction increases with the concentration My experiment has helped me with my conclusion that the rate of reaction increases as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increases, and has presumptuousness me evidence to help explain it. valuation My results are as realiable as I could make them using the apparatus and the time I had.From my results I can say that most of the results are quite reliable and accurate to what they should be because I got the results I expected. H owever, I did get two results which I would say are anomalous. I decided that these two results are anomalous because according to my background knowledge and the rest of my results, I knew that I should get a directly proportional extraction of best fit, and the rest of the results are very near to this trend of best fit. I know that my draw off of best fit is correct because as the concentration doubles, the rate doubles.The results for the 3. 8M showed that the rate was long-playing than the rate of reaction with a lower concentration of 3. 4M. There are many different factors which whitethorn have impact my results. One of the biggest faults in my experiment was the fact that I did not have enough time to complete it in one day. Due to various problems, I had to do the experiment on three different days. This means that all the equipment was different which may mean that they work differently from eachother. This makes it an unfair test.The second problem with doing it on different days is the problem of room temperature which can have a big execution on the rate, because as I know from back ground knowledge, I know the lukewarm the acid is, the faster the reaction because particles have more energy so there are more successful collisions. I made the mistake of not recording which results are from which day, so I cannot tell if this had a major tack together on the results. Whilst doing the experiment, I noticed a few problems which may overly have effected my results.First of all is the problem that I only have two hands, so it was difficult to put the tablet in the conical flask, close the bung and also start the stop clock, all at the same time. When there was someone available, I asked them to start my stop clock, but this was not possible all the time. Adding this time to human reaction time of around 0. 1 of a second, some time could have been lost. Some gas was also lost in the time period between putting the tablet in and putting the bun g on. I tried my best to make this time period very small, but still some gas was lost.When I had managed to get the tablet into the acid with the bung on and time it, I noticed that sometimes the whole tablet would not go into the acid, and so it was not all reacting, so in order for the whole tablet, I would shake it for a couple of seconds. I did not account how long I would do this for each one, but when I did shake it a lot of gas would be produced, so If I shook one flask for longer, more gas would be produced faster because the whole tablet would be reacting with the acid and there would be more collisions and therefore a quicker reaction.Between each different concentration, I would wash the conical flask, and I observed that if I washed the flask with hot water, the flask would become hotter, or if I washed it with cold water the opposite would happen. This meant that the temperature of the acid and water solution would vary. This made the tests unfair because if I did som e of them with hot conical flasks and others with cold ones, the ones with the warmer flasks would react faster because the temperature of the acid would increase and so give the particles more energy to react.If the equipment was much more sophisticated, for instance if all the equipment would stay the same temperature or if there was special clock which would start at the exact time the tablet touched(p) the acid, my results would be much more accurate, but I still found strong results. IMAGEIf I could do the experiments again, I would do the following things differently in order for my results to be more accurate.I would make sure I did them all on the same day, use all the same equipment, have someone to start the stopclock, have breach equipment, for instance a conical flask with a divider so the acid and calcium carbonate wont mix until I want them to Apart from all of the problems, my method was suitable and the experiment was successful because I had sufficient evidence to enable myself to come to a conclusion which agreed with my knowledge and prediction. I would have liked to portion results with other people who were doing the same experiment as me to see if our results were similar, but naught was doing the same experiment as me.The only results which I did not hold are reliable or accurate is the reaction of the 3. 8M concentration of hydrochloric acid with the calcium carbonate, and if I had more time I would investigate this further. I would find out why these results were anomalous because even though I did reapeats, I still got anomalous results and so I would like to find out why this happened. I would like to investigate the rate of reaction with more concentrations in order to see what happens after 3. 8M acid to see if it was still directly proportional or if the graph leveled off.Other extra investigations I would do would include using different types of acid for instance nitric acid or sulphuric acid and see if they changed the r eaction at all. I would also try and use different types of stomach upset tablets, because the ones I apply contained ginger which I have researched about to find that it is used for digestion, soothing aches and pains in muscles and improves circulation problems, so I would like to investigate if this has a different effect on the rate of the reaction or not.I put an indigestion tablet into 1M of acid concentration and mensural the temperature before and after the reaction for one minute to see if the reaction was exoergic or endothermic, but there was no change in temperature, so I would like to see what effect an exothermic or endothermic reaction would have on the experiment. Overall I think my results are reliable because the repeats are all very close to eachother, the biggest gap between my repeats is the 1. M concentration which had a time difference of 6 seconds, but the others which I had time to repeat are all around 3 seconds apart. If I had more time I would do muc h more repeats to make my results more reliable. The accuracy of my results are quite good because they are all very close to the line of best fit. I would like to do more experiments and repeats to make sure my line of best fit is accurate and in the correct place. Apart from these I think my investigation was successful.